The Upper Carniolan dialect group (gorenjska narečna skupina) is a group of closely related dialects of Slovene. The Upper Carniolan dialects are spoken in most of Upper Carniola and in Ljubljana.
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👉 Upper Carniolan dialect group in the context of Upper Carniolan dialect
The Upper Carniolan dialect (Slovene: gorenjsko narečje [gɔˈɾèːnskɔ naˈɾéːt͡ʃjɛ], gorenjščina) is a major Slovene dialect, known for extensive syncope, monophthongization of diphthongs, and loss of neuter gender. It is spoken in most (but not all) of Upper Carniola, along the Sava River. It is one of the two central Slovene dialects and was also used as a written language from the 17th century onward, and especially in the second half of the 18th century. It borders the Selca, Škofja Loka, and Horjul dialects to the south, the Tolmin dialect to the southwest, the Soča dialect to the west, the Gail Valley dialect to the northwest, the Rosen Valley and Ebriach dialects to the north, the Upper Savinja dialect to the northeast, the Central Savinja dialect to the east, and the Lower Sava Valley and Lower Carniolan dialects to the southeast. The eastern part of the dialect is the Eastern Upper Carniolan subdialect. The dialect belongs to the Upper Carniolan dialect group, and it evolved from Upper Carniolan dialect base.
In this Dossier
Upper Carniolan dialect group in the context of Slovene dialects
In a purely dialectological sense, Slovene dialects (Slovene: slovenska narečja [sloʋènska narét͡ʃja], Serbo-Croatian: slovenska narječja [slǒʋeːnskaː nǎːrjeːt͡ʃja]) are the regionally diverse varieties that evolved from old Slovene, a South Slavic language of which the standardized modern version is Standard Slovene. This also includes several dialects in Croatia, most notably the so-called Western Goran dialect, which is actually Kostel dialect. In reality, speakers in Croatia self-identify themselves as speaking Croatian, which is a result of a ten centuries old country border passing through the dialects since the Francia. In addition, two dialects situated in Slovene (and the speakers self identify as speaking Slovene) did not evolve from Slovene (left out in the map on the right). The Čičarija dialect is a Chakavian dialect and parts of White Carniola were populated by Serbs during the Turkish invasion and therefore Shtokavian is spoken there.
Spoken Slovene is often considered to have at least 48 dialects (narečja) and 13 subdialects (podnarečja). The exact number of dialects is open to debate, ranging from as many as 50 to merely 7. According to the official chart, published by the Fran Ramovš Institute, there are 48 dialects and 13 subdialects, but that includes all dialects spoken in Slovene. Čičarija dialect is included as a separate dialect and Shtokavian in White Carniola is merged with South White Carniolan. However, the official chart was not updated to include Čabar dialect, which was only recently been discovered to have evolved differently than Kostel dialect, under which it was traditionally listed. Therefore, that division includes 48 dialects and 13 subdialects.