In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) refers to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the people of the Mal'taโBuret' culture (c.โ24,000 BP) and populations closely related to them, such as the Upper Paleolithic individuals from Afontova Gora in Siberia. Genetic studies also revealed that the ANE are closely related to the remains of the preceding Yana culture (c.โ32,000 BP), which were dubbed as Ancient North Siberians (ANS), and which either are directly ancestral to the ANE, or both being closely related sister lineages.
The ANE/ANS lineages both derive their ancestry from an admixture event between Ancient West Eurasians (about 65%, best represented by Upper Paleolithic Europeans such as Kostenki-14, c.โ38,000 BP) and Ancient East Eurasians (about 35%, best represented by the Tianyuan man, c.โ39,000 BP) during the Upper Paleolithic period. The Pleistocene ANE gene pool is likely associated with so-called "Western features", as visible in their descendants, the Tarim Mummies.