Subtyping in the context of Object-based language

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👉 Subtyping in the context of Object-based language

An object-based language is a imperative programming language that provides a construct to encapsulate state and behavior as an object. A language that also supports inheritance or subtyping is classified as object-oriented. Even though object-oriented seems like a superset of object-based, they are used as mutually exclusive alternatives, rather than overlapping. Examples of strictly object-based languages – supporting an object feature but not inheritance or subtyping – are early versions of Ada, Visual Basic 6 (VB6), and Fortran 90.

Some classify prototype-based programming as object-based even though it supports inheritance and subtyping albeit not via a class concept. Instead an object inherits its state and behavior from a template object. A commonly used language with prototype-based programming support is JavaScript.

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👉 Subtyping in the context of Object-based language
Subtyping in the context of Bottom type
Subtyping in the context of Simula

Subtyping in the context of Bottom type

In type theory, a theory within mathematical logic, the bottom type of a type system is the type that is a subtype of all other types.

Where such a type exists, it is often represented with the up tack (⊥) symbol.

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Subtyping in the context of Simula

Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is an approximate superset of ALGOL 60,and was also influenced by the design of SIMSCRIPT.

Simula 67 introduced objects, classes, inheritance and subclasses, virtual procedures, coroutines, and discrete event simulation, and featured garbage collection. Other forms of subtyping (besides inheriting subclasses) were introduced in Simula derivatives.

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Subtyping in the context of Object-based language

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