There are many different types of cheese, which can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as: length of fermentation, texture, production method, fat content, animal source of the milk, and country or region of origin. These criteria may be used either singly or in combination, with no method used universally. The most common traditional categorization is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods.
In many consumer-facing guides, cheeses are further organized into intuitive categories such as fresh, soft, semi-soft, firm, hard, and blue—often based on texture, aging, and moisture characteristics. These practical groupings help non-specialists understand and compare the wide range of available cheeses.