Passive smoking in the context of "Cluster headache"

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⭐ Core Definition: Passive smoking

Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere as an aerosol pollutant, which leads to its inhalation by nearby bystanders within the same environment. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke causes many of the same health effects caused by active smoking, although at a lower prevalence due to the reduced concentration of smoke that enters the airway.

According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report published in 2023, more than 1.3 million deaths are attributed to passive smoking worldwide every year. The health risks of secondhand smoke are a matter of scientific consensus, and have been a major motivation for smoking bans in workplaces and indoor venues, including restaurants, bars and night clubs, as well as some open public spaces.

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👉 Passive smoking in the context of Cluster headache

Cluster headache is a neurological disorder characterized by episodes of severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye and temple, lasting between 15 minutes to three hours. Episodes are often accompanied by eye watering, nasal congestion, drooping eyelids, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. Cluster headaches are unique in their periodicity and regularity: the headaches occur at around the same hour every day during a cluster period, which typically lasts 8–10 weeks a year. Between cluster periods are pain-free intervals without headaches, which last a little less than one year, but some patients can have chronic cluster headaches without remission periods. The disease is considered among the most painful conditions known to medical science.

Triggers of cluster headaches may include alcohol, nitroglycerin, and histamine; a history of exposure to tobacco smoke (whether personal or secondhand smoke) is a significant risk factor. The underlying cause is unknown, but may include a genetic component, as a family history of migraines increases risk. Structurally, the disease is likely related to dysfunction of the posterior hypothalamus.

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Passive smoking in the context of Indoor air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is the air quality within buildings and structures. Poor indoor air quality due to indoor air pollution is known to affect the health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. It has also been linked to sick building syndrome, respiratory issues, reduced productivity, and impaired learning in schools. Common pollutants of indoor air include secondhand tobacco smoke, air pollutants from indoor combustion, radon, molds and other allergens, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, legionella and other bacteria, asbestos fibers, carbon dioxide, ozone and particulates.

Source control, filtration, and the use of ventilation to dilute contaminants are the primary methods for improving indoor air quality. Although ventilation is an integral component of maintaining good indoor air quality, it may not be satisfactory alone. In scenarios where outdoor pollution would deteriorate indoor air quality, other treatment devices such as filtration may also be necessary.

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Passive smoking in the context of Cannabis smoking

Cannabis smoking (known colloquially as smoking weed or smoking pot) is the inhalation of smoke or vapor released by heating the flowers, leaves, or extracts of cannabis and releasing the main psychoactive chemical, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is absorbed into the bloodstream via the lungs. Archaeological evidence indicates cannabis with high levels of THC was smoked at least 2,500 years ago. As of 2021, cannabis is the most commonly consumed federally illegal drug in the United States, with 36.4 million people (aged 10 years or older) consuming it on a monthly basis. Smoking cannabis has been shown to be harmful to the health of the smoker, and may also be harmful to others through passive smoking.

In addition to being smoked and vaporized, cannabis and its active cannabinoids may be ingested, placed under the tongue, or applied to the skin. The bioavailability characteristics and effects of smoking and vaporizing cannabis differ from other cannabis consumption methods in having a more rapid and predictable onset of effect.

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Passive smoking in the context of Vaporizer (inhalation device)

A vaporizer or vaporiser, colloquially known as a vape, is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation. Plant substances can be used, commonly cannabis, tobacco, or other herbs or blends of essential oil. However, they are most commonly filled with a combination propylene glycol, glycerin, and drugs such as nicotine from tobacco or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from cannabis as a liquid solution.

Vaporizers contain various forms of extraction chambers including straight bore, venturi, or sequential venturi, and are made of materials such as metal or glass. The extracted vapor may be collected in an inflatable bag, or inhaled directly through a hose or pipe. When used properly, cooler temperatures due to lack of combustion result in significantly more efficient extraction of the ingredients. Hence, the irritating and harmful effects of smoking are heavily reduced, as is its secondhand smoke.

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