Panachage in the context of "Party-list proportional representation"

In Germany, the state list or state electoral proposal, (German: Landesliste or Landeswahlvorschlag) is the list of candidates of a party for the election to the Bundestag, or the elections to those state parliaments with mixed-member proportional representation and for the European Parliament elections if a party decides on a state rather than a federal list. In contrast to the vote on the candidates of the constituencies, who are elected directly (Direktmandat), voters can usually only vote on the candidates on the state list as a whole by voting for a party with their second vote. Depending on the distribution of seats in parliament, the corresponding number of list candidates in the order of the list of the respective party are considered elected.

The possibility of distributing votes to specific candidates on a state list is called cumulation and panachage and can change the order. This has been introduced in some states, such as Bavaria, Bremen and Hamburg (de), but has only been discussed in others.