Operation Ring in the context of "Anti-Armenianism"

Gülüstan or Gulistan (Armenian: Գյուլիստան, romanized: Gyulistan; ultimately from Persian gulistān 'rose garden') is a village in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan. It is a part of the municipality of Buzluq.

The village had an Armenian majority prior to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and Operation Ring. The village is currently uninhabited since Operation Ring.

Buzluq (Buzlug, lit. 'iced'; Armenian: Բուզլուխ, romanized: Buzlukh) is a village and municipality in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan. The municipality consists of the villages of Buzluq, Gülüstan, and Başqışlaq. The village had an Armenian majority prior to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and Operation Ring.

Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan, or Armenophobia is widespread in Azerbaijan, and refers to hostility toward Armenians. Observers and human rights bodies describe Armenians as the most vulnerable ethnic group in the country, noting widespread negative stereotyping in public discourse. Polling over the past decades has shown deep animosity toward Armenia, and the term "Armenian" (erməni) is widely used as an insult in everyday language and media.

Historical roots trace back to anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey, pan-Turkism, the actions of Russian and Soviet authorities, and the higher economic and social status of Armenians compared to Azeris at the turn of the 20th century. Contemporary Armenophobia in Azerbaijan traces its roots to the Karabakh Movement, in which Armenians petitioned Soviet authorities to transfer the mostly Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) in Azerbaijan to Armenia. In response, anti-Armenian pogroms occurred in Sumgait, Kirovabad and Baku. From 1988 through 1992, an estimated 300,000–350,000 Armenians were either deported from or fled Azerbaijan under threat of violence — primarily from areas outside Nagorno-Karabakh, where the Armenian population was largely spared. The conflict eventually escalated into the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, in which Azerbaijan lost control over the territory to the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Republic, further magnifying anti-Armenian sentiment.