A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism. An organism that contains a mixture of human and non-human cells would be a human–animal chimera.
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👉 Human chimera in the context of Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation (xenos- from the Greek meaning "foreign" or strange), or heterologous transplant, is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another. Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants. It is contrasted with allotransplantation (from other individual of same species), syngeneic transplantation or isotransplantation (grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species), and autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person). Xenotransplantation is an artificial method of creating an animal-human chimera, that is, a human with a subset of animal cells. In contrast, an individual where each cell contains genetic material from a human and an animal is called a human–animal hybrid.
Patient derived xenografts are created by xenotransplantation of human tumor cells into immunocompromised mice, and is a research technique frequently used in pre-clinical oncology research.
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Human chimera in the context of Human-animal hybrids
A human–animal hybrid (or animal–human hybrid) is a hypothetical organism that incorporates elements from both humans and non-human animals. In a technical sense, a human–animal hybrid would be defined as an organism in which each cell contains both human and non-human genetic material. This contrasts with a non-human chimera in which some cells are human and the other are derived from a non-human organism (a human chimera, by contrast, consists entirely of human cells from different zygotes.)
Examples of human–animal hybrids mainly include humanized mice that have been genetically modified by xenotransplantation of human genes. Humanized mice are commonly used as small animal models in biological and medical research for developing human therapeutics.