Gigantomachy in the context of "Thoon (mythology)"

The metopes of the Parthenon are the surviving set of what were originally 92 square carved plaques of Pentelic marble originally located above the columns of the Parthenon peristyle on the Acropolis of Athens. If they were made by several artists, the master builder was certainly Phidias. They were carved between 447 or 446 BC, or at the latest 438 BC, with 442 BC as the probable date of completion. Most of them are very damaged. Typically, they represent two characters per metope either in action or repose.

The interpretations of these metopes are only conjectures, starting from mere silhouettes of figures, sometimes barely discernible, and comparing them to other contemporary representations (mainly vases). There is one theme per side of the building, each featuring battle scenes: Amazonomachy in the west, the fall of Troy in the north, Gigantomachy in the east, and Centaurs and Lapiths in the south. The metopes have a purely warlike theme, like the decoration of the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos housed in the Parthenon, and seem to be an evocation of the opposition between order and chaos, between the human and the animal (sometimes animal tendencies in the human), between civilization and barbarism. This general theme is considered to be a metaphor for the Persian wars and thus the triumph of the city of Athens.

The Pergamon Altar (Ancient Greek: Βωμός τῆς Περγάμου) was a monumental construction built during the reign of the Ancient Greek King Eumenes II of the Pergamon Empire in the first half of the 2nd century BC on one of the terraces of the acropolis of Pergamon in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It was described as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by three known classical lists.

The structure was 35.74 metres (117 ft 3 in) wide and 33.4 metres (109 ft 7 in) deep; the front stairway alone was almost 20 metres (66 ft) wide. The base was decorated with a frieze in high relief showing the battle between the Giants and the Olympian gods known as the Gigantomachy. There was a second, smaller and less well-preserved high relief frieze on the inner court walls which surrounded the actual fire altar on the upper level of the structure at the top of the stairs. In a set of consecutive scenes, it depicts events from the life of Telephus, legendary founder of the city of Pergamon and son of the hero Heracles and Auge, one of Tegean king Aleus's daughters.

In Greek mythology, Polybotes (/ˌpɒlɪˈboʊtiːz/) (Ancient Greek: Πολυβώτης) was one of the giants, the offspring of Gaia (Earth) and Uranus (Sky). He fought Poseidon during the Gigantomachy, the war between the giants and the gods.

In Greek mythology, Thoas (Ancient Greek: Θόας, "fleet, swift") may refer to the following figures:

• Thoas, a king of Lemnos saved by his daughter Hypsipyle from the massacre by the Lemnian women. He was a son of Dionysus and Ariadne, and sometimes identified with Thoas, the king of the Taurians, below.
• Thoas, a king of the Taurians when Iphigenia became priestess of Artemis. He is sometimes identified with Thoas, the king of Lemnos above.
• Thoas, a king of Aetolia. He was the son of Andraemon and Gorge, and a Greek leader and hero in the Trojan War.
• Thoas, a king of Corinth. He was a son of Ornytion and a grandson of Sisyphus.
• Thoas, a son of Jason and Hypsipyle, and a grandson of Thoas, the king of Lemnos (above). He was the twin brother of Euneus.
• Thoas, the Spartan son of Icarius, and the brother of Penelope, the wife of Odysseus. According to the mythographer Apollodorus, Icarius and the Naiad nymph Periboea had five sons: Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes and Perileos, and a daughter Penelope. According to Strabo, however, the mother by Icarius of "Penelope and her brothers" was Polycaste, the daughter of Lygaeus.
• Thoas (or Thoon?), a Giant who, according to the mythographer Apollodorus, along with the Giant Agrius, was killed by the Moirai (Fates) with bronze clubs, during the Gigantomachy, the battle fought between the Giants and the Olympian gods.
• Thoas, an Athenian, who according to Plutarch, was the brother of Euneus and Solois, and accompanied Theseus on his return from his expedition against the Amazons. This Thoas is different than the Thoas (see above), who was the son of Jason and Hypsipyle, and who also had a brother named Euneus.
• Thoas, a defender of Thebes in the war of the Seven against Thebes. He was killed by Tydeus.
• Thoas, in Homer's Iliad, is a Trojan warrior killed by Menelaus during the Trojan War.
• Thoas, one of the Suitors of Penelope who came from Dulichium along with other 56 wooers. He, with the other suitors, was shot dead by Odysseus with the help of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.
• Thoas, a companion of Aeneas in Italy. He was crushed with a stone, by Halesus an ally of Turnus.

In Greek mythology, Enceladus (Ancient Greek: Ἐγκέλαδος, romanized: Enkélados) was one of the Giants, the offspring of Gaia (Earth) and Uranus (Sky). Enceladus was the traditional opponent of Athena during the Gigantomachy, the war between the Giants and the gods, and was said to be buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.

In Greek mythology, the name Damastor (Ancient Greek: Δαμάστωρ means "tamer") may refer to:

• Damastor, a Giant. During the Gigantomachy, he used a rock into which a fellow Giant Pallas had been changed as a throwing weapon.
• Damastor, a son of Nauplius, father of Peristhenes and through him grandfather of Dictys and Polydectes.
• Damastor, father of a defender of Troy, Tlepolemus.
• Damastor, father of Agelaus, one of the Suitors of Penelope.
• Damastor, another Suitor of Penelope who came from Dulichium along with other 56 wooers. He, with the other suitors, was shot dead by Odysseus with the help of Eumaeus, Philoetius, and Telemachus.

The patronymic Damastorides "son of Damastor" is used in reference to Agelaus and Tlepolemus but also to an otherwise unnamed defender of Troy killed by Agamemnon.

In Greek mythology, Alcyoneus or Alkyoneus (/ælˈsaɪ.əˌnjuːs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλκυονεύς, romanized: Alkyoneús) was a traditional opponent of the hero Heracles. He was usually considered to be one of the Gigantes (Giants), the offspring of Gaia born from the blood of the castrated Uranus.

According to the mythographer Apollodorus, Alcyoneus's confrontation with Heracles was part of the Gigantomachy, the cosmic battle of the Giants with the Olympian gods. In Apollodorus's account Alcyoneus and Porphyrion were the greatest of the Giants, and Alcyoneus was immortal as long as he was in his native land. When Heracles shot Alcyoneus with an arrow, Alcyoneus fell to the ground but then began to revive, so on the advice of Athena, Heracles dragged Alcyoneus out of his homeland where Alcyoneus then died.