Edwin Lutyens in the context of "India Gate"

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⭐ Core Definition: Edwin Lutyens

Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens OM KCIE PRA FRIBA (/ˈlʌtjənz/ LUT-yənz; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, "In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as "surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century".

Lutyens played an instrumental role in the construction of New Delhi, which would later on serve as the seat of the Government of India. In recognition of his contribution, a part of New Delhi is known as "Lutyens' Delhi". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed the Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.Many of his works were inspired by Indian architecture. He was elected Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1933.

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👉 Edwin Lutyens in the context of India Gate

The India Gate (formerly known as All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located near the Rajpath (officially called Kartavya Path) on the eastern edge of the "ceremonial axis" of New Delhi. It stands as a memorial to 74,187 soldiers of the Indian Army who died between 1914 and 1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the Third Anglo-Afghan War. 13,300 servicemen's names, including some soldiers and officers from the United Kingdom, are inscribed on the gate. Designed by Edwin Lutyens, the gate evokes the architectural style of the ancient Roman triumphal arches, such as the Arch of Constantine in Rome, and later memorial arches; it is often compared to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, and the Gateway of India in Mumbai.

Following the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, a structure consisting of a black marble plinth with a reversed rifle, capped by a war helmet and bounded by four eternal flames, was built beneath the archway. This structure, called Amar Jawan Jyoti (Flame of the Immortal Soldier), has since 1971 served as India's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. India Gate is counted amongst the largest war memorials in India and every Republic Day, the Prime Minister visits the Gate to pay their tributes to the Amar Jawan Jyoti, following which the Republic Day parade starts. India Gate is often a location for civil society protests, and is popular with tourists.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of Janpath

28°37′40″N 77°13′08″E / 28.6278172°N 77.2189594°E / 28.6278172; 77.2189594

Janpath (meaning People's Path, formerly known as Queensway) is one of the main roads in New Delhi. It starts out as Radial Road 1 in Connaught Place, adjacent to Palika Bazaar, and runs north–south perpendicular to Kartavya Path (earlier Rajpath or the "Rulers' path"). Originally called Queen's Way, it was an important part of Lutyens' design of the administrative New Delhi, upon the inauguration of new capital of India in 1931. Janpath Market is one of the most famous markets for tourists (both Indian and foreign) in New Delhi. The market essentially is a long line of boutique stores selling products which are hard to find in the malls and multi-chain stores of the city. The long line of boutiques is for budget travellers and shoppers, buyers of handicrafts and garments, curio and numerous Indian-style fast-food places. It was created during the Construction of New Delhi.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi

The Rashtrapati Bhavan (pronunciation, ISO: Rāṣṭrapati Bhavana; lit.'Presidential Palace'; formerly Viceroy's House (1931–1947) and Government House (1947–1950) is the official residence of the president of India, located at the western end of Rajpath, Raisina Hill in New Delhi.

The building was designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker in Delhi Order based on Indo-Saracenic architecture. The construction began in 1912 and the building was completed in 1929. The building was called as Viceroy's house after the Viceroy of India occupied the building in 1931. After Indian independence, it briefly served as the Government House, which housed the Governor General of India from 1947 to 1950. When India became a republic, it became the residence of the president of India, and was rechristened as Rashtrapati Bhavan.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of The Cenotaph (Hong Kong)

The Cenotaph is a war memorial constructed in 1923 and located between Statue Square and the City Hall in Central, Hong Kong, that commemorates the dead in the two world wars who served in Hong Kong in the Royal Navy, British Army and Royal Air Force. Built in stone, it is an almost exact replica of the Cenotaph on Whitehall in London, UK (designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled in 1920). It is listed as a monument under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton

Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, PC (8 November 1831 – 24 November 1891), was a British statesman, Conservative politician and poet who used the pseudonym Owen Meredith. During his tenure as Viceroy of India between 1876 and 1880, Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India. He served as British Ambassador to France from 1887 to 1891.

His tenure as Viceroy was controversial for its ruthlessness in both domestic and foreign affairs, especially for his handling of the Great Famine of 1876–1878 and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. His son Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton, who was born in India, later served as Governor of Bengal and briefly as acting Viceroy. The senior earl was also the father-in-law of the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, who designed New Delhi.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of Construction of New Delhi

The construction of New Delhi refers to the development of Delhi into the capital of the British Raj, and creation of New Delhi in a mass-scale real estate development project before the Independence of India. Before the project, Delhi was known of as a large slum due to the unplanned settlements of Old Delhi or Shahjahanabad. The British proposed the project after the Delhi Durbar in 1911, although due to World War I, it was delayed by around ten years till the 1920s. The New Delhi Project continued till the 1940s.

Originally King George V and Queen Mary announced the project, although it did receive major opposition from the European business community of Calcutta, along with Lord Curzon and Mahatma Gandhi. The project was fulfilled by architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of Old Parliament House, New Delhi

The Old Parliament House, officially known as the Samvidhan Sadan (Constitution House), was the seat of the Parliament of India between 26 January 1950 and 18 September 2023. It housed the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha (the lower and upper houses) respectively in India's bicameral parliament for nearly 73 years. Earlier it had served as the seat of the Imperial Legislative Council between 18 January 1927 and 15 August 1947, and the Constituent Assembly of India between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950.

The building was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker and was constructed between 1921 and 1927. It was opened in January 1927 as the seat of the Imperial Legislative Council and was known as the Council House. Following the Indian Independence in 1947, it was taken over by the Constituent Assembly of India, and then became the seat of the Indian Parliament on 26 January 1950 with India becoming a republic following the adoption of the Indian Constitution.

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Edwin Lutyens in the context of Central Vista Redevelopment Project

Central Vista Redevelopment Project is the ongoing redevelopment of the Central Vista, India's central administrative area located near Raisina Hill, New Delhi. Designed and constructed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker during British rule as the seat of the imperial government, the area was retained by the Government of India following independence. Scheduled for completion between 2020 and 2026, the project seeks to transform the 3 km (1.9 mi) stretch of Rajpath spanning from Rashtrapati Bhavan to India Gate into a modern, pedestrian-friendly boulevard. Key components include the construction of a new Parliament building with increased seating capacity, a new Central Secretariat to house all ministries, and new official residences and offices for the Prime Minister and Vice President near the North and South Blocks. The existing North and South Blocks will be converted into publicly accessible museums, along with the adaptive reuse of other historic structures.

The redevelopment project is estimated to cost around ₹13,450 crore (approximately ₹160 billion or US$1.9 billion as of 2023), with expenses spread over a four-year period.

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