British history in the context of "Bronze Age Britain"

Holinshed's Chronicles, also known as Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, is a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions, the first edition in 1577, and the second in 1587. It was a large, comprehensive description of British history published in three volumes (England, Scotland and Ireland).

The Chronicles have been a source of interest because of their extensive links to Shakespearean history, as well as King Lear, Macbeth and Cymbeline. Recent studies of the Chronicles have focused on an inter-disciplinary approach; numerous literary scholars have studied the traditional historiographical materials through a literary lens, with a focus on how contemporary men and women would have read historical texts.

The Georgian era was a period in British history from 1714 to 1837, named after the Hanoverian kings George I, George II, George III and George IV. The definition of the Georgian era is also often extended to include the relatively short reign of William IV, which ended with his death in 1837. The subperiod that is the Regency era is defined by the regency of George IV as Prince of Wales during the illness of his father George III. The term Georgian is typically used in the contexts of social and political history and architecture. The term Augustan literature is often used for Augustan drama, Augustan poetry and Augustan prose in the period 1700–1740s. The term Augustan refers to the acknowledgement of the influence of Latin literature from the ancient Roman Republic. The term Georgian era is not applied to the time of the two 20th-century British kings of this name, George V and George VI. Those periods are simply referred to as Georgian.

When Victoria became Queen in 1837 the Georgian era was followed by the Victorian era. The Victorians emphasized moral earnestness and propriety, as well as industrial and scientific progress and scientific advancement. There was a growing tension between faith and doubt and more Realism in literature and art (moving away from Romantic idealism).

Earl of Wessex is a title that has been created twice in British history – once in the pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon nobility of England, and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. In the 6th century AD the region of Wessex (the lands of the West Saxons), in the south and southwest of present-day England, became one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (one of the components of the so-called Heptarchy); in the tenth century the increasing power of the Kingdom of the West Saxons led to a united Kingdom of England.

Leslie Rogne Schumacher, FRSA, FRHistS is an American historian, writer, and professor of international relations. He teaches at Harvard Kennedy School and is a Faculty Affiliate in the school's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs as well as an Associate in Harvard's History Department. He also holds research posts at the Mario Einaudi Center for International Affairs at Cornell University and the Foreign Policy Research Institute. He was the fourth David H. Burton Fellow at Saint Joseph's University. He later served as Wells College's Director of the Intelligence Community Center for Academic Excellence, funded by the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence. He has taught at the Lauder Institute of Management & International Studies (a part of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania), and he previously served on the faculty of the Sant'Anna Institute in Sorrento, Italy.

Schumacher publishes in the fields of Mediterranean studies, British history, diplomacy and international relations, intelligence and national security, and migration studies. He frequently collaborates with fellow Mediterranean scholar Andrekos Varnava, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. In honor of his book on the Eastern Question, Great Powers diplomacy, Victorian politics and society, and British imperialism, titled The Eastern Question in 1870s Britain: Democracy and Diplomacy, Orientalism and Empire (2023), he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2024. His work on nationalism and the history of European integration theory features in graduate programs in Middle East studies, imperialism, and the European Union. He is a member of the advisory board of the Marmara Journal of European Studies and the editorial board of Akropolis: Journal of Hellenic Studies. He has served on the board of the scholarly organization Britain and the World, including as Vice-Chair.

Whig history (or Whig historiography) is an approach to historiography that presents history as a journey from an oppressive and benighted past to a "glorious present". The present described is generally one with modern forms of liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy: it was originally a term for the metanarratives praising Britain's adoption of constitutional monarchy and the historical development of the Westminster system. The term has also been applied widely in historical disciplines outside of British history (e.g. in the history of science) to describe "any subjection of history to what is essentially a teleological view of the historical process". When the term is used in contexts other than British history, "whig history" (lowercase) is preferred.

In the British context, whig historians emphasize the rise of constitutional government, personal freedoms and scientific progress. The term is often applied generally (and pejoratively) to histories that present the past as the inexorable march of progress towards enlightenment. The term is also used extensively in the history of science to refer to historiography that focuses on the successful chains of hypotheses and experiments that led to present-day theories, while ignoring rejected hypotheses and dead ends. Whig history laid the groundwork for modernization theory and the resulting deployment of development aid around the world after World War II, which has sometimes been criticized as destructive to its recipients.

Carlisle Castle is a stone keep medieval fortress located in the city of Carlisle near the ruins of Hadrian's Wall. First built during the reign of William II in 1092 and rebuilt in stone under Henry I in 1122, the castle is over 930 years old and has been the scene of many episodes in British history.

This Castle played an extremely important part in the wars between England and Scotland (the Wars of Scottish Independence). It has been the centre of many wars and invasions. During the Jacobite Rising of 1745–1746, Carlisle became the last English fortress to undergo a siege. The castle was listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument on 7 August 1996.