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⭐ Core Definition: Authorship of the Johannine works

The authorship of the Johannine works (the Gospel of John, the Johannine epistles, and the Book of Revelation) has been debated by biblical scholars since at least the 2nd century AD. The debate focuses mainly on the identity of the author(s), as well as the date and location of authorship of these writings.

Although authorship of all of these works has traditionally been attributed to John the Apostle, most scholars theorize that he wrote none of them, though the tradition still has many modern defenders. Although some scholars conclude the author of the epistles was different from that of the gospel, most scholars agree that all three epistles are expressed by the same author or school of thought.

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👉 Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of Disciple whom Jesus loved

The phrase "the disciple whom Jesus loved" (Ancient Greek: ὁ μαθητὴς ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς, romanized: ho mathētēs hon ēgapā ho Iēsous) or, in John 20:2; "the other disciple whom Jesus loved" (τὸν ἄλλον μαθητὴν ὃν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ton allon mathētēn hon ephilei ho Iēsous), is used six times in the Gospel of John, but in no other New Testament accounts of Jesus. John 21:24 states that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of this disciple.

Since the end of the first century, the beloved disciple has often (but not unanimously) been identified with John the Evangelist. Scholars have debated the authorship of Johannine literature (the Gospel of John, Epistles of John, and the Book of Revelation) since at least the third century, but especially since the Enlightenment. The authorship of the Epistles by John the Apostle is rejected by many modern scholars, but not entirely. There is a consensus among Johannine scholars that the beloved disciple was a real historical person, but there is no consensus on who the beloved disciple was.

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⭐ Core Definition: Authorship of the Johannine works
👉 Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of Disciple whom Jesus loved
Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of John the Presbyter
Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of First Epistle of John
Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of Second Epistle of John

Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of John the Presbyter

John the Presbyter was an obscure figure of the early Christian Church who is either distinguished from or identified with the Apostle John and/or John of Patmos. He appears in fragments from the church father Papias of Hierapolis as one of the author's sources and is first unequivocally distinguished from the Apostle by Eusebius of Caesarea. He is frequently proposed by some as an alternative author of some or all of the Johannine books in the New Testament.

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Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of First Epistle of John

The First Epistle of John is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. There is no scholarly consensus as to the authorship of the Johannine works. The author of the First Epistle is sometimes termed John the Evangelist, who most modern scholars believe is not the same as John the Apostle. Most scholars believe the three Johannine epistles have the same author, but there is no consensus if this was also the author of the Gospel of John.

This epistle was probably written in Ephesus between 95 and 110 AD. The author advises Christians on how to discern true teachers: by their ethics, their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh, and by their love. The original text was written in Koine Greek. The epistle is divided into five chapters.

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Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of Second Epistle of John

The Second Epistle of John is a book of the New Testament attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the other two epistles of John, and the Gospel of John (though this is disputed). Most modern scholars believe this is not John the Apostle, but in general there is no consensus as to the identity of this person or group. (See Authorship of the Johannine works.)

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Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of "Disciple whom Jesus loved"

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⭐ Core Definition: Authorship of the Johannine works

👉 Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of Disciple whom Jesus loved

Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of John the Presbyter

Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of First Epistle of John

Authorship of the Johannine works in the context of Second Epistle of John