Vision science in the context of "Scotopic"

Visual perception is the ability to detect light and use it to form an image of the surrounding environment. Photodetection without image formation is classified as light sensing. In most vertebrates, visual perception can be enabled by photopic vision (daytime vision) or scotopic vision (night vision), with most vertebrates having both. Visual perception detects light (photons) in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment or emitted by light sources. The visible range of light is defined by what is readily perceptible to humans, though the visual perception of non-humans often extends beyond the visual spectrum. The resulting perception is also known as vision, sight, or eyesight (adjectives visual, optical, and ocular, respectively). The various physiological components involved in vision are referred to collectively as the visual system, and are the focus of much research in linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and molecular biology, collectively referred to as vision science.

In the science of visual perception, stereopsis is the sensation that objects in space are not flat but extend into depth, and that objects are at different distances from each other. This sensation is much stronger than the suggestion of depth that is created by two-dimensional perspective.

In humans, two mechanisms produce the sensation of stereopsis: binocular depth vision and (monocular) motion vision. In binocular depth vision, the sensation arises from processing differences in retinal images resulting from the two eyes looking from different, but similar, directions (binocular disparity). In motion vision, the sensation arises from processing motion information when the observer moves (e.g. optical flow, parallax). The sensation of stereopsis is similar in both cases.

Visual perception is the ability to detect light and use it to form an image of the surrounding environment. Photodetection without image formation is classified as light sensing. In most vertebrates, visual perception can be enabled by photopic vision (daytime vision) or scotopic vision (night vision), with most vertebrates having both. Visual perception detects light (photons) in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment or emitted by light sources. The visible range of light is defined by what is readily perceptible to humans, though the visual perception of non-humans often extends beyond the visual spectrum. The resulting perception is also known as vision, sight, or eyesight (adjectives visual, optical, and ocular, respectively). The various physiological components involved in vision are referred to collectively as the visual system, and are the focus of much research in linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and molecular biology, collectively referred to as vision science.

Visual perception involves not only what we see but also how our brain process information.

In the study of visual perception, scotopic vision (or scotopia) is the vision of the eye under low-light conditions. The term comes from the Greek skotos, meaning 'darkness', and -opia, meaning 'a condition of sight'. In the human eye, cone cells are nonfunctional in low visible light. Scotopic vision is produced exclusively through rod cells, which are most sensitive to wavelengths of around 498 nm (blue-green) and are insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm. Under scotopic conditions, light incident on the retina is not encoded in terms of the spectral power distribution. Higher visual perception occurs under scotopic vision than it does under photopic vision.

The School of Optometry and Vision Science is a professional school at the University of Waterloo within the Faculty of Science. It is the only English-language optometry program in Canada; the French language Université de Montréal optometry program operates in Quebec. The school offers an accredited undergraduate Doctor of Optometry program and a Vision Science graduate degree program. It also operates two optometry clinics open to the public.

The checker shadow illusion is an optical illusion published by Edward H. Adelson, professor of vision science at MIT, in 1995. It demonstrates the context-dependent nature of human color perception.

In vision science, a saccade (/səˈkɑːd/ sə-KAHD; French: [sakad]; French for 'jerk') is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of focal points in the same direction. In contrast, in smooth-pursuit movements, the eyes move smoothly instead of in jumps. Controlled cortically by the frontal eye fields (FEF), or subcortically by the superior colliculus, saccades serve as a mechanism for focal points, rapid eye movement, and the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus. The word appears to have been coined in the 1880s by the French ophthalmologist Émile Javal, who used a mirror on one side of a page to observe eye movement in silent reading and found that it involves a succession of discontinuous individual movements. These movements quickly scan objects of attention and aid the brain in grasping a scene visually.