Universal causation in the context of "Five Ways (Aquinas)"

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👉 Universal causation in the context of Five Ways (Aquinas)

The Quinque viæ (Latin for "Five Ways") (sometimes called the "five proofs") are five logical arguments for the existence of God summarized by the 13th-century Catholic philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas in his book Summa Theologica. They are:

the argument from "first mover";
the argument from universal causation;
the argument from contingency;
the argument from degree;
the argument from final cause or ends ("teleological argument").

Aquinas expands the first of these – God as the "unmoved mover" – in his Summa Contra Gentiles.

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👉 Universal causation in the context of Five Ways (Aquinas)
Universal causation in the context of Principle of sufficient reason

Universal causation in the context of Principle of sufficient reason

The principle of sufficient reason or PSR states that everything must have a sufficient reason. It is similar to the idea that everything must have a cause, a deterministic system of universal causation. A sufficient reason is sometimes described as the coincidence of every single thing that is needed for the occurrence of an effect. The principle is relevant to Munchausen's trilemma, as it seems to suppose an infinite regress, rather than a foundational brute fact. The principle was articulated and made prominent by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Arthur Schopenhauer wrote On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason.

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