The United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) was established on 31 March 1995 in Security Council Resolution 983 to replace the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) in the Republic of Macedonia. The mandate of UNPREDEP remained essentially the same: to monitor and report any developments in the border areas which could undermine confidence and stability in the country and threaten its territory. It is widely considered to be an instance of a successful deployment of UN peacekeeping forces in the prevention of conflict and violence against civilians. The operation was shut down on 28 February 1999, after its last extension in Resolution 1186 when China vetoed its renewal in 1999 following Macedonia's diplomatic recognition of Taiwan. This mission was unique as it was the first peacekeeping operation to undertake conflict prevention before the outbreak of conflict. The premature termination of UNPREDEP in 1999 predates the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia.
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👉 United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Protection Force
The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR; also known by its French acronym FORPRONU: Force de Protection des Nations Unies) was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars. The force was formed in February 1992 and its mandate ended in March 1995, with the peacekeeping mission restructuring into three other forces (the United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) in the Republic of Macedonia, and the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO) in Croatia, with restructured UNPROFOR operations ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina until their replacement by NATO and EU missions in December 1995).
- ⭐ Core Definition: United Nations Preventive Deployment Force
- 👉 United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Protection Force
- United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia
- United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 983
- United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1186
United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia
The United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia, commonly abbreviated UNCRO, was a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping mission in Croatia. It was established under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter and approved by the UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 981 on 31 March 1995. UNCRO inherited personnel and infrastructure from the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). Its command was located in Zagreb; the peacekeeping troops were deployed in four sectors named North, South, East, and West. Twenty different countries contributed troops to the mission.
UNCRO started with more than 15,000 troops taken over from UNPROFOR; the personnel count was gradually reduced to approximately 7,000 by the end of the mission in early 1996. South Korean diplomat Byung Suk Min was the civilian head of the mission, while the military commanders of UNCRO were Generals Raymond Crabbe and Eid Kamal Al-Rodan. UNCRO was linked with UNPROFOR, which remained active in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP), which was deployed in the Republic of Macedonia. The mission was terminated on 15 January 1996 by UNSC Resolution 1025, passed on 30 November 1995. Sixteen UNCRO troops were killed, including four during Operation Storm in August 1995.
United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 983
United Nations Security Council resolution 983, adopted unanimously on 31 March 1995, after recalling Resolution 795 (1992) on Macedonia, the Council expressed concern about threats to the stability of the country and established the United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) by renaming the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) unit in the country for a period ending 30 November 1995.
The council was determined for the need to protect the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Macedonia and welcomed the role of UNPROFOR in the country. It was decided that the UNPROFOR unit in Macedonia be renamed to UNPREDEP and that its mandate should continue until 30 November 1995. It was urged to continue co-operation with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and for Member States to provide any necessary assistance required.
United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1186
United Nations Security Council resolution 1186, adopted unanimously on 21 July 1998, after recalling resolutions 1105 (1997) and 1110 (1997), the Council extended and strengthened the mandate of the United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) in Macedonia until 28 February 1999.
The resolution noted that the UNPREDEP mission played an important role in maintaining peace and stability in Macedonia, and recalled resolutions concerning the situation in Albania, including 1101 (1997) and 1114 (1997). It also recalled Resolution 1160 (1998) which imposed an arms embargo on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) including Kosovo. The UNPREDEP peacekeeping mission also monitored the border to prevent the spread of conflict and illegal arms flows.