The Muslim conquest of Sindh, also known as the Umayyad conquest of Sindh, took place between 711-713 AD in present-day Pakistan when the Umayyad Caliphate defeated the last Hindu dynasty of Sindh, the Brahmin dynasty, and incorporated Sindh (including a portion of southern Punjab and Makran) as a province, officially establishing the first Islamic entity in South Asia.
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👉 Umayyad conquest of Sindh in the context of Brahmin dynasty of Sindh
The Brahmin dynasty (c. 632–712), also known as the Chacha dynasty or Silaij dynasty, was a Hindu dynasty that ruled the Sindh region, after usurping and overthrowing the Buddhist Rai dynasty of Sindh. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.
The members of the dynasty continued to administer parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's Caliphal province of Sind after it fell in 712. These rulers include Hullishāh and Shishah.
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Umayyad conquest of Sindh in the context of Sind (caliphal province)
Sind was a province of the Umayyad Caliphate and later of the Abbasid Caliphate from around 711 CE with the Islamic conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, to around 854 CE with the emergence of the independent dynasties of the Habbarid Emirate in Sindh proper and the Emirate of Multan in Punjab. The "Governor of Sind" (Arabic: عامل السند, romanized: ‘āmil al-Sind) was an official who administered the caliphal province over what are now Sindh, southern Punjab and Makran (Balochistan) in Pakistan.
The governor was the chief Muslim official in the province and was responsible for maintaining security in the region. As the leader of the provincial military, he was also in charge of carrying out campaigns against the non-Muslim kingdoms of India. Governors appointed to the region were selected either directly by the caliph or by an authorized subordinate, and remained in office until they either died or were dismissed.