Timur Shah Durrani in the context of "Payandah Khan"

Zaman Shah Durrani, or Zaman Shah Abdali (Pashto: زمان شاه دراني; Persian: زمان شاہ درانی, 1767 – 1845) was the third King of the Durrani Empire from 1793 until 1801. An ethnic Pashtun of the Sadozai clan, Zaman Shah was the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the fifth son of Timur Shah Durrani.

Herat (Persian: هَرات, romanized: Harāt), or Emirate of Herat (Persian: امیرنشین هَرات, romanized: Amir nešine Harāt, or Principality of Herat (Persian: شاهزاده‌نشین هَرات, romanized: Šāhzāde nešine Harāt), or Herat Khanate (Persian: خان‌نشین هَرات, romanized: Xān nešine Harāt) was a state in Afghanistan from 1793 to 1863, and one of the three main khanates that existed in 19th century Afghanistan (the others being the khanates of Kabul and Kandahar) after the breakup of the Durrani Empire.

In 1793, Timur Shah Durrani died and Mahmud Shah took control of Herat, making the town and the surrounding region independent. In 1801, the principality was revived by Firuz al-Din Mirza. Herat was prosperous under his reign in spite of multiple invasions by Qajar Iran. In 1818, Mahmud and later Kamran Shah took over, attempting to keep the region stable as a buffer region between the Barakzais and Qajars. However, the region was devastated by constant infighting and further Iranian invasions.

Shuja Shah Durrani, (4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842) born as Shuja ul-Mulk Mohammad, was Shah of the Durrani Empire from 1803 to 1809 and Emir of Kabul from 1839 until his assassination in 1842. A son of Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja was of the Sadozai lineage of the Durrani clan of Pashtuns. He became the fifth King of the Durrani Empire.

Jalalabad, previously known as Tarunshahr, and historically known as Nagarahara or Adinapur, is the fifth-largest city of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 200,331, and serves as the capital of Nangarhar Province in the eastern part of the country, about 130 kilometres (80 mi) from the capital Kabul. Jalalabad is located at the junction of the Kabul River and the Kunar River in a plateau to the south of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is linked by the Kabul-Jalalabad Road to the west and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to the east through Torkham and the Khyber Pass.

Jalalabad is a leading center of social and trade activity because of its proximity with the Torkham border checkpoint and border crossing, 65 km (40 mi) away. Major industries include papermaking, as well as agricultural products including oranges, lemon, rice, and sugarcane, helped by its warm climate. It hosts Afghanistan's second largest educational institute, Nangarhar University. For centuries the city was favored by Afghan kings and it has a cultural significance in Afghan poetry. During Timur Shah's reign of the Durrani Empire, Jalalabad served as the Afghan winter capital.

Mahmud Shah Durrani (Pashto: محمود شاه دراني; Persian: محمود شاہ درانی, 1769 – 18 April 1829) was born prince and later ruler of the Durrani Empire (Afghanistan) between 1801 and 1803, and again between 1809 and 1818. From 1818 to 1829 he was the ruler of Herat. From an ethnic Sadduzai tribe section of the Popalzai sub-clan of the Durrani Pashtuns, he was the son of Timur Shah Durrani and grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani.