Table of Nations in the context of "Biblical terminology for race"

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⭐ Core Definition: Table of Nations

The Generations of Noah, also called the Table of Nations or Origines Gentium, is a genealogy of the sons of Noah, according to the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 10:9), and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood, focusing on the major known societies. The term 'nations' to describe the descendants is a standard English translation of the Hebrew word "goyim", following the c. 400 CE Latin Vulgate's "nationes", and does not have the same political connotations that the word entails today.

The list of 70 names introduces for the first time several well-known ethnonyms and toponyms important to biblical geography, such as Noah's three sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, from which 18th-century German scholars at the Göttingen school of history derived the race terminology Semites, Hamites, and Japhetites. Certain of Noah's grandsons were also used for names of peoples: from Elam, Ashur, Aram, Cush, and Canaan were derived respectively the Elamites, Assyrians, Arameans, Cushites, and Canaanites. Likewise, from the sons of Canaan: Heth, Jebus, and Amorus were derived Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites. Further descendants of Noah include Eber (from Shem), the hunter-king Nimrod (from Cush).

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👉 Table of Nations in the context of Biblical terminology for race

Since early modern times, a number of biblical ethnonyms from the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 have been used as a basis for classifying human racial (cosmetic phenotypical) categories and national (ethnolinguistic cultural) identities. The connection between Genesis 10 and contemporary ethnic groups began during classical antiquity, when authors such as Josephus, Hippolytus and Jerome analyzed the biblical list.

The early modern equation of the biblical Semites, Hamites and Japhetites with racial categories was coined at the Göttingen school of history in the late 18th century – in parallel with other, more secular terminologies for race, such as Blumenbach's fivefold color scheme.

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Table of Nations in the context of Japheth

Japheth /ˈdʒeɪfɛθ/ (Hebrew: יֶפֶת Yép̄eṯ, in pausa יָפֶת‎ Yā́p̄eṯ; Greek: Ἰάφεθ Iápheth; Latin: Iafeth, Iapheth, Iaphethus, Iapetus; Arabic: يافث Yāfith) is one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis, in which he plays a role in the story of Noah's drunkenness and the curse of Ham, and subsequently in the Table of Nations as the ancestor of the peoples of the Aegean Sea, Anatolia, Caucasus, Greece, and elsewhere in Eurasia. In medieval and early modern European tradition he was considered to be the progenitor of the European peoples.

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Table of Nations in the context of Lud, son of Shem

Lud (Hebrew: לוּד Lūḏ) was a son of Shem and grandson of Noah, according to Genesis 10 (the "Table of Nations").

The descendants of Lud are usually, following Josephus, connected with various Anatolian peoples, particularly Lydia (Assyrian Luddu) and their predecessors, the Luwians; cf. Herodotus' assertion (Histories i. 7) that the Lydians were first so named after their king, Lydus (Λυδός). However, the chronicle of Hippolytus of Rome (c. 234 AD) identifies Lud's descendants with the Lazones or Alazonii (names usually taken as variants of the "Halizones" said by Strabo to have once lived along the Halys) while it derives the Lydians from the aforementioned Ludim, son of Mizraim.

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Table of Nations in the context of Aram, son of Shem

Aram (Hebrew: אֲרָם Aram) is a son of Shem, according to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 of the Hebrew Bible, and the father of Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash or Meshech. The Book of Chronicles lists Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech as descendants of Shem, although without stating explicitly that Aram is the father of the other four.

Aram in the Hebrew Bible has usually, as in Flavius Josephus' writings, been regarded as the eponymous ancestor of the Aramean people of ancient Syria.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Japheth ← Biblical terminology for race ← Lud, son of Shem ← Aram, son of Shem
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Russian Empire → T and O map → Printing press → Isidore of Seville → Etymologiae → Augsburg → Asia → Europe → Africa → Shem → Japheth → Ham (son of Noah) → Noah → Hebrew Bible → Book of Genesis → Genesis flood narrative → Nation → Goyim → Vulgate → Ethnonym → Toponym → Göttingen school of history → Semitic people → Hamitic → Japhetites → Biblical Elam → Ashur (Bible) → Aram, son of Shem → Biblical Cush → Canaan (son of Ham) → Elamites → Assyria → Arameans → Cush (Bible) → Canaanites → Heth (Bible) → Biblical Hittites → Jebusite → Amorites → Eber → Nimrod →