A sum is an administrative division used in China, Mongolia, and Russia. Countries such as China and Mongolia have employed the sum as administrative division, which was used during the Qing dynasty. This system was acted in the 1980s after the Chinese Communist Party gained power in conjunction with their growing internal and external problems. The decentralisation of government included restructuring of organisational methods, reduction of roles in rural government and creation of sums.
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👉 Sum (administrative division) in the context of Olot people
The Olot people (/ˈoʊlɒt/; Mongolian: Өөлд Ööld [ˈɵɮʊ̆t]) are an Oirat sub-ethnic group of Choros origin. They were one of the strongest tribes of the Oirats. Today, Mongolian Olots live in Erdenebüren and Ölziit sums. There are a few Olots in Hulunbuir region and around 40,000 Olots in Xinjiang province of China. Ölziit Olots absorbed into the Khalkha Mongols, and the Erdenebüren Olots of around 3,000 retained their Oirat heritage.
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Sum (administrative division) in the context of Banners of Inner Mongolia
A banner (Chinese: 旗; pinyin: qí; Mongolian: хошуу khoshuu) is an administrative division of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, equivalent to a county-level administrative division.
Banners were first used during the Qing dynasty, which organized the Mongols into banners, except those who belonged to the Eight Banners. Each banner had sums as nominal subdivisions. In Inner Mongolia, several banners made up a league. In the rest, including Outer Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, and Qinghai, Aimag (Аймаг) was the largest administrative division. While it restricted the Mongols from crossing banner borders, the dynasty protected Mongolia from population pressure from China proper. After the Mongolian People's Revolution, the banners of Outer Mongolia were abolished in 1923.