Studium generale is the old customary name for a medieval university in medieval Europe.
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👉 Studium generale in the context of Medieval university
A medieval university was a corporation organized during the Middle Ages for the purposes of higher education. The first Western European institutions generally considered to be universities were established in present-day Italy, including the Kingdoms of Sicily and Naples, and the Kingdoms of England, France, Spain, Portugal, and Scotland between the 11th and 15th centuries for the study of the arts and the higher disciplines of theology, law, and medicine. These universities evolved from much older Christian cathedral schools and monastic schools, and it is difficult to define the exact date when they became true universities, though the lists of studia generalia for higher education in Europe held by the Vatican are a useful guide.
The word universitas originally applied only to the scholastic guilds—that is, the corporation of students and masters—within the studium, and it was always modified, as universitas magistrorum, universitas scholarium, or universitas magistrorum et scholarium. Eventually, probably in the late 14th century, the term began to appear by itself to exclusively mean a self-regulating community of teachers and scholars recognized and sanctioned by civil or ecclesiastical authority.
In this Dossier
Studium generale in the context of List of medieval universities
The list of medieval universities comprises universities (more precisely, studia generalia) which existed in Europe during the Middle Ages. It also includes short-lived foundations and European educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate. The degree-awarding university with its corporate organization and relative autonomy is a product of medieval Christian Europe. Before the year 1500, over eighty universities were established in Western and Central Europe. During the subsequent Colonization of the Americas the university was introduced to the New World, marking the beginning of its worldwide spread as the center of higher learning everywhere (see List of oldest universities).
Studium generale in the context of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish: [salaˈmaŋka] ) is a municipality and city in the autonomous community of Castile and León in Spain, and the capital of the province of Salamanca. Attached to the comarca of Campo Charro, the city lies on the northern half of the Meseta Central, in the western-central part of the Iberian Peninsula, straddling the Tormes river. As of 2024, with a population of 144,458, Salamanca is the 46th-largest city in Spain.
The Iron Age hilltop site of Cerro de San Vicente on the right bank of the Tormes is considered as the first human settlement in the current-day city. By the 3rd century BCE, the urban settlement in the nearby Teso de las Catedrales had consolidated, under the influence of Vaccaei and Vettones. Following Roman subjugation, the indigenous oppidum gradually became the Roman civitas of Salmantica. Little is known of the history of the place after the Migration Period. Christian settlement took hold in the 11th century under Raymond of Burgundy. For much of its history, Salamanca has been a college town linked to the University of Salamanca, one of the oldest in Western Europe, whose germ was founded in 1218 as a studium generale, holding the status of university since 1254. It acquired a great deal of recognition in the 16th century for the intellectual production of the so-called School of Salamanca. In addition, the city has also recently developed as a centre for Spanish-language learning.
Studium generale in the context of Old University of Leuven
The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Liège (jointly the future Belgium) by the Treaty of Campo Formio.
The name was in medieval Latin Studium generale Lovaniense or Universitas Studii Lovaniensis, in humanistical Latin Academia Lovaniensis, and most usually, Universitas Lovaniensis, in Dutch Universiteyt Loven and also Hooge School van Loven.