Specific quantity in the context of "Quotient"

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⭐ Core Definition: Specific quantity

In the natural sciences, including physiology and engineering, the qualifier specific or massic typically indicates an intensive quantity obtained by dividing an extensive quantity of interest by mass. For example, specific leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf mass.Derived SI units involve reciprocal kilogram (kg), e.g., square metre per kilogram (m⋅kg); the expression "per unit mass" is also often used.

In some fields, like acoustics, "specific" can mean division by a quantity other than mass.

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👉 Specific quantity in the context of Quotient

In arithmetic, a quotient (from Latin: quotiens 'how many times', pronounced /ˈkwʃənt/) is a quantity produced by the division of two numbers. The quotient has widespread use throughout mathematics. It has two definitions: either the integer part of a division (in the case of Euclidean division) or a fraction or ratio (in the case of a general division). For example, when dividing 20 (the dividend) by 3 (the divisor), the quotient is 6 (with a remainder of 2) in the first sense and (a repeating decimal) in the second sense.

In metrology (International System of Quantities and the International System of Units), "quotient" refers to the general case with respect to the units of measurement of physical quantities. Ratios is the special case for dimensionless quotients of two quantities of the same kind.Quotients with a non-trivial dimension and compound units, especially when the divisor is a duration (e.g., "per second"), are known as rates.For example, density (mass divided by volume, in units of kg/m) is said to be a "quotient", whereas mass fraction (mass divided by mass, in kg/kg or in percent) is a "ratio". Specific quantities are intensive quantities resulting from the quotient of a physical quantity by mass, volume, or other measures of the system "size".

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Specific quantity in the context of Energy flux

Energy flux is the rate of transfer of energy through a surface. The quantity is defined in two different ways, depending on the context:

  1. Total rate of energy transfer (not per unit area); SI units: W = J⋅s.
  2. Specific rate of energy transfer (total normalized per unit area); SI units: W⋅m = J⋅m⋅s:
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Specific quantity in the context of Specific weight

The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material:Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is the newton per cubic metre (N/m), expressed in terms of base units as kg⋅m⋅s.A commonly used value is the specific weight of water on Earth at 4 °C (39 °F), which is 9.807 kilonewtons per cubic metre or 62.43 pounds-force per cubic foot.

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Specific quantity in the context of Specific force

Specific force (SF) is a mass-specific quantity defined as the quotient of force per unit mass.

It is a physical quantity of kind acceleration, with dimension of length per time squared (TL) and SI units of metre per second squared (m·s).

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