Society for the Rise of Kurdistan in the context of Flag of Kurdistan

The Koçgiri rebellion (Kurdish: Serhildana Qoçgiriyê; Turkish: Koçgiri isyanı) was a Kurdish uprising, that began in the overwhelmingly militant Koçgiri region in present-day eastern Sivas Province in February 1921. The rebellion was initially Alevi, but it succeeded in gathering support from nearby Sunni tribes. The tribal leaders had a close relationship with the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan (SAK). The rebellion was defeated in June 1921.

Kurdistan was the first Kurdish newspaper. It was first published on April 22, 1898 in Cairo, Egypt by Mikdad Midhat Bedir Khan, a member of the Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti. In four years, 31 issues were printed in cities as Cairo, Geneva, London and Folkestone. It was an opposition newspaper published in exile (outside the Ottoman Empire) and supported by the Committee of Union and Progress and was published in Constantinople after the Young Turk revolution in 1908. It was often printed at CUP linked print shops which caused the newspaper to move to where ever the CUP had to establish itself anew due to the CUP's persecution by Ottoman ambassadors loyal to Sultan Abdülhamid.

In 1914, during World War I, the newspaper returned to Cairo. Its first issues were published solely in Kurmanji, but from the 4th issue some texts in Turkish were also published. The newspaper is described as a nationalist newspaper as it made notions of territorial entity Kurdistan. In its folio, it was mentioned to be distributed for free within the borders of Kurdistan, while in the exterior its cost was 80 pennies. Beginning with the second issue onwards, it published a series of the Kurdish national epic Mem u Zin. From its 6th issue the newspaper was published in Geneva, and edited by Abdurrahman Bedir Khan, Mikdads brother who had close ties to Abdullah Cevdet and İshak Sükuti, both editors of the Osmanli and founders of co-founders of Committee of Union and Progress. The newspaper published several articles that were critical to the government of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. It got banned right after the first issue was released in the Ottoman Empire and had to be smuggled in. From its 16th issue, the newspaper title Kurdistan was also written in smaller Latin script below the Arabic one. Kurds who returned from the Islamic pilgrimage Hajj to Mecca had to undergo a thorough search if the smuggled in the newspaper. A reader complained about how they were persecuted if they read the newspaper in public in the Ottoman Empire.