Siege of Medina in the context of "Campaigns of the Arab Revolt"

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⭐ Core Definition: Siege of Medina

The siege of Medina lasted from 10 June 1916 to 10 January 1919, when Hejazi Arab rebels surrounded the Islamic holy city, which was then under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers under the leadership of the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed V. In an attempt to weaken the Ottomans, the Allies provoked an Arab Revolt within the empire led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca.

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👉 Siege of Medina in the context of Campaigns of the Arab Revolt

The Arab Revolt started by Sherif Hussein ibn Ali had a series of campaigns, starting from Mecca in June 1916. Here is a list of these campaigns:

  • The Battle of Makkah started on the morning of June 10, 1916, and was the beginning of the Arab Revolt. It ended with the capture of the city by the forces of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali.
  • Jeddah was attacked on June 9 by 4000 Sharifian forces.
  • Siege of Medina was started in the middle of 1916 and continued till January 9, 1919. Fakhri Pasha's heroic and stubborn resistance was cause of this long siege.
  • Taif was surrendered to Hashemite forces on September 23, 1916.
  • Al Lith was occupied by Sharifian forces on June 23.
  • Yanbu was captured on July 27. Ummlajj was captured after Yanbu.
  • Qunfudah was captured on October 10.
  • Wejh, the port city was captured in the mid of January 1917 with little difficulty. Only 200 Ottoman soldiers were there.
  • Aqaba fell to Sharifian forces on July 6, 1917.
  • The Battle of Wadi Musa was fought on October 23, 1917, when Ottoman army was sent to deal with Sharifian army camped at Wadi Musa. Before the Ottoman unit reached Wadi Musa, they were intercepted by 700 Arab troops under the command of Maulood Mukhlis. Four hundred Ottomans were killed and 300 were captured.
  • The Battle of Al-Samna was a defeat to Sharifian army. Al-Samna is situated near Ma'an. The battle took place on April 25–26, 1918.
  • Damascus was captured by British and Sharifian forces on October 1, 1918.
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Siege of Medina in the context of Fakhri Pasha

Ömer Fahrettin Türkkan (1868–1948), commonly known as Fakhri Pasha or Fahreddin Pasha and nicknamed the Defender of Medina, was a Turkish career officer who commanded Ottoman forces and served as governor of Medina from 1916 to 1919. His British and Arab opponents nicknamed him "The Lion of the Desert" and "The Tiger of the Desert" due to his determined defence of Medinafrom 10 June 1916 to 10 January 1919 during World War I.

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