Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
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👉 Shirak Province in the context of Yererouk
Yererouk (Armenian: Երերույքի տաճար, Yereruyk’i tachar), also Yereruyk or Ererouk, is an ancient Armenian church near the village of Anipemza in the Shirak Province of Armenia. Yererouk was built on a plateau near the Akhurian River, which defines the frontier with Turkey, about 5 km southeast of the ancient city of Ani.
The basilica is considered one of the ancient examples of Armenian architecture, belonging to the Paleo-Christian epoch (4th–6th century). It was initially started in the 4th century, then was postponed in the 5th century and finally completed in the 6th century. Because the basilica is not mentioned in any historical sources, the dates are hypothetical. However, the most recent studies have analysed the architectural characteristics with stratigraphic tests, the study of the sculptural decoration and epigraphy, the comparation with similar churches in Syria.
In this Dossier
- ⭐ Core Definition: Shirak Province
- 👉 Shirak Province in the context of Yererouk
- Shirak Province in the context of Bagratuni dynasty
- Shirak Province in the context of Kars oblast
- Shirak Province in the context of Gyumri
- Shirak Province in the context of Gyumri Shirak International Airport
- Shirak Province in the context of Amasia, Shirak
- Shirak Province in the context of Shirak Plain
Shirak Province in the context of Bagratuni dynasty
The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty (Armenian: Բագրատունի, Armenian pronunciation: [bagɾatuni]) was an Armenian royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from c. 885 until 1045. Originating as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, they rose to become the most prominent Armenian noble family during the period of Arab rule in Armenia, eventually establishing their own independent kingdom. Their domain included regions of Armenia such as Shirak, Bagrevand, Kogovit, Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand and Taron. Many historians, such as Cyril Toumanoff, Nicholas Adontz and Ronald Suny, consider them to be the progenitors of the Georgian royal Bagrationi dynasty.
Shirak Province in the context of Kars oblast
The Kars oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire between 1878 and 1917. Its capital was the city of Kars, which later became part of Turkey. The oblast bordered the Ottoman Empire to the west, the Batum Oblast (in 1883–1903 part of the Kutaisi Governorate) to the north, the Tiflis Governorate to the northeast, and the Erivan Governorate to the east. The Kars oblast included parts of the contemporary provinces of Kars, Ardahan, and Erzurum Province of Turkey, and the Amasia Community of the Shirak Province of Armenia.
Shirak Province in the context of Gyumri
Gyumri (Armenian: Գյումրի, pronounced [ɡjumˈɾi]) is an urban municipal community and the second-largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative center of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th century, when the city was known as Alexandropol, it became the largest city of Russian-ruled Eastern Armenia with a population above that of Yerevan. The city became renowned as a cultural hub, while also carrying significance as a major center of Russian troops during Russo-Turkish wars of the 19th century.
The city underwent a tumultuous period during and after World War I. While Russian forces withdrew from the South Caucasus due to the October Revolution, the city became host to large numbers of Armenian refugees fleeing the Armenian genocide, in particular hosting 22,000 orphaned children in around 170 orphanage buildings. It was renamed Leninakan during the Soviet period and became a major industrial and textile center in Soviet Armenia. The city's population rapidly grew to above 200,000 prior to the 1988 Spitak earthquake, when it was devastated, with the city's population being reduced to 121,976 as of the 2011 census. The city was renamed Gyumri under modern independent Armenia soon after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and post-earthquake reconstruction efforts continue. As of the 2022 census, the population of the city was 112,301.
Shirak Province in the context of Gyumri Shirak International Airport
Gyumri Shirak International Airport (Armenian: Գյումրի Շիրակ Միջազգային Oդանավակայան, romanized: Gyumri Shirak Mijazgayin Odanavakayan) (IATA: LWN, ICAO: UDSG) is an international airport serving Gyumri in the province of Shirak, Armenia. It is about five kilometres (3.1 mi) from the center of Gyumri. It was inaugurated in 1961, and is the second largest airport in the country, after Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport.
Shirak Province in the context of Amasia, Shirak
Amasia (Armenian: Ամասիա), previously known as Hamasia, is a village in the Amasia Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia. It is located on the right bank of the Akhuryan River.
Shirak Province in the context of Shirak Plain
Shirak Plain (Armenian: Շիրակի դաշտ Shiraki dašt) is a large plain located in the Armenian plateau, in northwest Armenia. It roughly occupies almost the entire area of Shirak Province, the southwestern parts of Lori Province, as well as the northern parts of Aragatsotn Province.