Genocidal rape, a form of wartime sexual violence, is the action of a group which has carried out acts of mass rape and gang rapes, against its enemy during wartime as part of a genocidal campaign. During the Armenian genocide, the Greek genocide, the Assyrian genocide, the second Sino-Japanese war, the Holocaust, the Genocide of Serbs in Croatia, the Bangladesh genocide, the Yugoslav Wars (particularly the Bosnian and Kosovo Wars), the Rwandan genocide, the Tamil genocide, the Circassian genocide, the Congolese conflicts, the War in Darfur, the South Sudanese Civil War, the Yazidi Genocide, and Rohingya genocide, mass rapes that had been an integral part of those conflicts brought the concept of genocidal rape to international prominence. Although war rape has been a recurrent feature in conflicts throughout human history, it has usually been looked upon as a by-product of conflict and not an integral part of military policy.
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👉 Sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the context of Genocidal rape
Sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the context of AFDL
The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (French: Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo), also known by the French acronym AFDL, was a coalition of armed movements and political organizations composed of Rwandan, Ugandan, Burundian, and Congolese dissidents, and various disaffected ethnic and political groups. Formed on 18 October 1996, the AFDL launched a military campaign that culminated in the overthrow of President Mobutu Sese Seko and the ascension of Laurent-Désiré Kabila to power in May 1997, which then marked the end of the First Congo War. Although the group was successful in overthrowing Mobutu, the alliance fell apart after Kabila did not agree to be dictated by his foreign backers, Rwanda and Uganda, which marked the beginning of the Second Congo War in 1998.
Members of the AFDL and their allied forces were responsible for widespread and systematic human rights violations, including extrajudicial executions, massacres of unarmed civilians and refugees, arbitrary detentions, "disappearances", and acts of torture and sexual violence. These abuses, often condoned or directed by political and military leaders within the movement, were committed with near-total impunity, as many perpetrators later assumed positions of authority in the new government. Amnesty International and other organizations also condemned the international community's inaction, noting that the United Nations Secretary-General's Investigative Team (SGIT) confirmed that AFDL and the Rwandan forces had committed atrocities amounting to serious violations of international humanitarian law, some potentially constituting genocide, but the UN Security Council failed to take adequate measures in response.