The Communist Party of Moldavia (Romanian: Partidul Comunist al Moldovei, PCM, Moldovan Cyrillic: ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ» ΠΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π» ΠΠΎΠ»Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉ; Russian: ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ»Π΄Π°Π²ΠΈΠΈ, romanized:Β Kommunisticheskaya partiya Moldavii) was the ruling and sole legal political party of the Moldavian SSR. It was one of the fifteen republic-level parties that formed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. During World War II, it was the driving force of the Moldovan resistance against Axis occupation.
The party began to weaken politically during the Perestroika period, which was marked by riots against Soviet rule. The party leader, Semion Grossu was replaced with Petru Lucinschi on 16 November 1989.