Securities Act of 1933 in the context of "Securities Exchange Act of 1934"

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government, created in the aftermath of the Wall Street crash of 1929. Its primary purpose is to enforce laws against market manipulation.

Created by Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (now codified as 15 U.S.C. § 78d and commonly referred to as the Exchange Act or the 1934 Act), the SEC enforces the Securities Act of 1933, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002, among other statutes.

A closed-end fund (CEF), also known as a closed-end mutual fund, is an investment vehicle fund that raises capital by issuing a fixed number of shares at its inception, and then invests that capital in financial assets such as stocks and bonds. After inception it is closed to new capital, although fund managers sometimes employ leverage. Investors can buy and sell the existing shares in secondary markets.

CEFs are the oldest form of pooled investment still used, dating to the 1800s. The Foreign and Colonial Investment Trust was established in the United Kingdom in 1868 and as of 2013 was the oldest CEF still active and traded on the market (London Stock Exchange, under the symbol FCIT). In the United States, closed-end funds sold publicly must be registered under both the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Title 15 of the United States Code outlines the role of commerce and trade in the United States Code.Notable legislation in the title includes the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Sherman Antitrust Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Consumer Product Safety Act, and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003.

• 15 U.S.C. ch. 1—Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade; 15 U.S. Code § 13a is the Robinson Patman Act
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2—Federal Trade Commission; Promotion Of Export Trade And Prevention Of Unfair Methods uk Competition
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2A—Securities Act, Trust Indentures Act
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B—Securities Exchanges
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2B-1—Securities Investor Protection
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2C—Public Utility Holding Companies
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2D—Investment Company Act, Investment Advisers Act
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 2E—Omnibus Small Business Capital Formation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 3—Trade-Marks
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 4—China Trade
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 5—Statistical and Commercial Information
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 6—Weights and Measures and Standard Time
  • Subchapter I—Weights, Measures, and Standards Generally
  • Subchapter II—Metric Conversion
  • Subchapter III—Standard Gauge for Iron and Steel
  • Subchapter IV—Screw Threads
  • Subchapter V—Standard of Electricity
  • Subchapter VI—Standard Barrels
  • Subchapter VII—Standard Baskets and Containers
  • Subchapter VIII—Standard Hampers, Round Stave Baskets, and Splint Baskets for Fruits and Vegetables
  • Subchapter IX—Standard Time
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 7—National Institute of Standards and Technology
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 7A—Standard Reference Data Program
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 8—Falsely Stamped Gold or Silver or Goods Manufactured Therefrom
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 9—National Weather Service
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 9A—Weather Modification Activities Or Attempts; Reporting Requirement
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 10—War Finance Corporation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 10A—Collection of State Cigarette Taxes
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 10B—State Taxation of Income from Interstate Commerce
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 11—Caustic Poisons (repealed)
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 12—Discrimination Against Farmers Cooperative Associations by Boards Of Trade
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 13—Textile Foundation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 13A—Fishing Industry
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 14—Reconstruction Finance Corporation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A—Aid to Small Business
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 14B—Small Business Investment Program
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 15—Economic Recovery
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 15A—Interstate Transportation Of Petroleum Products
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 15B—Natural Gas
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 15C—Alaska Natural Gas Transportation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 16—Emergency Relief
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 16A—Emergency Petroleum Allocation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 16B—Federal Energy Administration
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 16C – Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 17 – Production, Marketing, and Use of Bituminous Coal
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 18 – Transportation of Firearms
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 19 – Miscellaneous
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 20 – Regulation of Insurance, McCarran–Ferguson Act
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 21 – National Policy on Employment and Productivity
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 22 – Trademarks (Lanham Act)
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 23 – Dissemination of Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 24 – Transportation of Gambling Devices
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 25 – Flammable Fabrics
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 26 – Household Refrigerators
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 27 – Automobile Dealer Suits Against Manufacturers
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 28 – Disclosure of Automobile Information
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 29 – Manufacture, Transportation, or Distribution of Switchblade Knives
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 30 – Hazardous Substances
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 31 – Destruction of Property Moving in Commerce
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 32 – Telecasting of Professional Sports Contests
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 33 – Brake Fluid Regulation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 34 – Antitrust Civil Process
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 35 – Seat Belt Regulation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 36 – Cigarette Labeling and Advertising
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 37 – State Technical Services
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 38 – Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 39 – Fair Packaging and Labeling Program
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 39A – Special Packaging of Household Substances for Protection of Children
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 40 – Department of Commerce
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 41 – Consumer Credit Protection
  • Subchapter I — Consumer Credit Cost Disclosure
  • Subchapter II — Restrictions on Garnishment
  • Subchapter IIA — Credit Repair Organizations
  • Subchapter III — Fair Credit Reporting Act
  • Subchapter IV — Equal Credit Opportunity
  • Subchapter V — Debt Collection Practices
  • Subchapter VI — Electronic Funds Transfer
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 42—Interstate Land Sales
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 43—Newspaper Preservation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 44—Protection of Horses
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 45—Emergency Loan Guarantees to Business Enterprises
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 45A—Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 46—Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
  • Subchapter I: Bumper Standards
  • Subchapter II: Automobile Consumer Information Study
  • Subchapter III: Diagnostic Inspection Demonstration Projects
  • Subchapter IV: Odometer Requirements
  • Subchapter V: Improving Automotive Efficiency
  • Subchapter VI: Theft Prevention
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 46A—Automobile Title Fraud
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 47—Consumer Product Safety
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 48—Hobby Protection
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 49—Fire Prevention and Control
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 50—Consumer Product Warranties
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 51—National Productivity and Quality of Working Life
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 52—Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 53—Toxic Substances Control
  • Subchapter I—Control of Toxic Substances
  • Subchapter II—Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response
  • Subchapter III—Indoor Radon Abatement
  • Subchapter IV—Lead Exposure Reduction
  • Subchapter V—Healthy High Performance Schools
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 54—Automotive Propulsion Research and Development
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 55—Petroleum Marketing Practices
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 56—National Climate Program
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 56A—Global Change Research
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 57—Interstate Horseracing
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 58—Full Employment and Balanced Growth
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 59—Retail Policies for Natural Gas Utilities
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 60—Natural Gas Policy
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 61—Soft Drink Interbrand Competition
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 62—Condominium and Cooperative Conversion Protection and Abuse Relief
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 63—Technology Innovation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 64—Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 65—Liability Risk Retention
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 66—Promotion of Export Trade
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 67—Arctic Research and Policy
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 68—Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 69—Cooperative Research
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 70—Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 71—Petroleum Overcharge Distribution and Restitution
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 72—Semiconductor Research
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 73—Export Enhancement
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 74—Competitiveness Policy Council
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 75—National Trade Data Bank
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 76—Imitation Firearms
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 77—Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 78—Superconductivity and Competitiveness
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 79—Metal Casting Competitiveness Research Program
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 80—Fasteners
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 81—High-Performance Computing
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 82—Land Remote Sensing Policy
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 83—Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 84—Commercial Space Competitiveness
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 85—Armored Car Industry Reciprocity
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 86—Children's Bicycle Helmet Safety
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 87—Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 88—International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 89—Professional Boxing Safety
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 90—Propane Education and Research
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 91—Children's Online Privacy Protection
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 92—Year 2000 Computer Date Change
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 93—Insurance, Title III of Gramm–Leach–Bliley Activities
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 94—Privacy
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 95—Microenterprise Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Program
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 96—Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 97—Women's Business Enterprise Development
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 98—Public Company Accounting Reform and Corporate Responsibility, also known as the "Sarbanes–Oxley Act"
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 99—National Construction Safety Team
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 100—Cyber Security Research and Development
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 101—Nanotechnology Research and Development
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 102—Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 103—Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 104—Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 105—Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 106—Pool and Spa Safety
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 107—Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 108—State-Based Insurance Reform
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 109—Wall Street Transparency and Accountability
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 110—Online Shopper Protection
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 111—Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 112—Sports Medicine Licensure
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 113—Concrete Masonry Products Research, Education, and Promotion
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 114—National Quantum Initiative
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 115—Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Emerging Contaminants
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 116—Coronavirus Economic Stabilization (CARES ACT)
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 117—Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 118—Sustainable Chemistry
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 119—National Artificial Intelligence Initiative
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 120—Minority Business Development
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 121—Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support
• 15 U.S.C. ch. 122—Travel and Tourism

The Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (TIA), codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa–77bbbb, supplements the Securities Act of 1933 in the case of the distribution of debt securities in the United States. Generally speaking, the TIA requires the appointment of a suitably independent and qualified trustee to act for the benefit of the holders of the securities, and specifies various substantive provisions for the trust indenture that must be entered into by the issuer and the trustee. The TIA is administered by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which has made various regulations under the act.