Sangi (参議) was an associate counselor in the Imperial court of Japan from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.
This was a position in the daijō-kan, or early feudal Japanese government. It was established in 702 by the Code of Taihō.
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Count Itagaki Taisuke (板垣 退助, 21 May 1837 – 16 July 1919) was a Japanese samurai, politician, and leader of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement (自由民権運動, Jiyū Minken Undō), which evolved into Japan's first political party, the Liberal Party (Jiyūtō). His activism in favour of a parliamentary democracy was a pivotal influence on the political development of Meiji Japan.
A native of Tosa Domain, Itagaki was a leading figure in the Meiji Restoration and held a series of posts in the new government, including that of Councillor of State (参議, sangi). In 1873, he resigned from government after his proposal for a military expedition to Korea, a policy known as Seikanron, was rejected by the ruling oligarchy. After his resignation, Itagaki formed the Aikoku Kōtō (Public Party of Patriots), Japan's first political association, and launched a political movement aimed at establishing a representative assembly. He submitted a memorial to the government in 1874 calling for the creation of a national assembly, which, though initially dismissed, sparked a nationwide debate and is considered the foundational event of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
Sugano no Mamichi (菅野真道; 741 – July 23, 814), originally known as Tsu no Mamichi (津真道), was a Japanese noble of the early Heian period. He reached the court rank of ju san-mi (従三位) and the position of sangi.
Tachibana no Naramaro (橘奈良麻呂; 721–757) was a Japanese aristocrat (kuge), courtier, and statesman of the Nara period. He was the son of sadaijin Tachibana no Moroe and the second head of the Tachibana clan. He attained the court rank of shō shi-i no ge (正四位下) and the position of sangi, and posthumously of shō ichi-i (正一位) and daijō-daijin.
He was the leader of a plot to replace Fujiwara no Nakamaro and to overthrow Empress Kōken (Tachibana no Naramaro's Conspiracy). It was not successful.