In geometry, the sagitta (sometimes abbreviated as sag, plural is sagittae) of a circular arc is the distance from the midpoint of the arc to the midpoint of its chord. It is used extensively in architecture when calculating the arc necessary to span a certain height and distance and also in optics where it is used to find the depth of a spherical mirror or lens. The name comes directly from Latin sagitta, meaning an "arrow".
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👉 Sagitta (geometry) in the context of Chord (geometry)
A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "catgut or string") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line, the object is a secant line. The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagitta (Latin for "arrow").
More generally, a chord is a line segment joining two points on any curve, for instance, on an ellipse. A chord that passes through a circle's center point is the circle's diameter.