Roman Urdu in the context of "Urdu alphabet"

The president of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: صدرِ آزاد کشمیر, romanized: s̤adr-i Azād Kaṣhmīr lit. 'President of Azad Kashmir', Urdu pronunciation: [s̤ə'dr-e: a:'za:d kə'ʂmi:r]), officially the president of the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, is the constitutional and ceremonial head of state of Azad Kashmir.

The president is elected by the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly for a term of five years, under the provisions of the Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Interim Constitution) Act, 1974.

The prime minister of Azad Kashmir (Urdu: وزِیرِ اعظم آزاد کشمیر, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam lit. 'Grand Vizier', Urdu pronunciation: [ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm]) is the chief executive of Azad Jammu and Kashmir region of Pakistan. The title of Prime Minister symbolizes the nominal independence of Azad Kashmir. The prime minister heads the Council of Ministers, who are appointed from amongst the members of the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly. The premier too is elected by the AJK Legislative Assembly which is directly elected by the people.

The current prime minister is Faisal Mumtaz Rathore, a member of the Pakistan People's Party who took office on 17 November 2025 following the ousting of Chaudhry Anwarul-Haq through a motion of no-confidence.

Urdish, Urglish or Urdunglish, a portmanteau of the words Urdu and English, is the macaronic hybrid use of South Asian English and Standard Urdu. In the context of spoken language, it involves code-switching between these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences. In Pakistan and India, many bilingual or multi-lingual Urdu speakers, being familiar with both Urdu and English, display translanguaging in certain localities and between certain social groups.

In the context of written language, Urdish colloquially refers to Roman Urdu — Urdu written in English alphabet (that is, using Roman script instead of the traditional Perso-Arabic script), often also mixed with English words or phrases.

The Thal desert (Punjabi: تَھل صحرا, romanized: Thal Sahrā'h; Urdu: صحرائے تھل, romanized: Sehrā-é-Thal) is situated at 31°10' N and 71°30' E in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Located near the Pothohar Plateau, the area falls under the Indomalayan biogeographic realm and stretches for a length of approximately 190 miles (310 km) with a maximum breadth of 70 miles (119 km). It is bound by the piedmont of the northern Salt Range, the Indus River floodplains in the west and the Jhelum and Chenab rivers' floodplains in the east. It is a subtropical sandy desert that resembles the deserts of Cholistan and Thar geographically.

The region is characterized by sand dunes, prone to massive shifting and rolling, as well as scant rainfall, high diurnal variation of temperature and high wind velocity. Aridity is a common feature and perennial grasses make up much of the vegetation. Agriculture and livestock rearing form the main sources of livelihood for the population, who live in small scattered settlements throughout the desert.