River Indus in the context of "Third Anglo-Afghan War"

⭐ In the context of the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Amanullah Khan’s military ambitions specifically targeted regions located…

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⭐ Core Definition: River Indus

The Indus (/ˈɪndəs/ IN-dəs) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The 3,180 km (1,980 mi) river rises in western China, flows northwest through the disputed Kashmir region, first through the Indian-administered Ladakh, and then the Pakistani-administered Gilgit-Baltistan, bends sharply to the left after the Nanga Parbat massif, and flows south-by-southwest through Pakistan, before bifurcating and emptying into the Arabian Sea, its main stem located near the port city of Karachi.

The Indus River has a total drainage area of circa 1,120,000 km (430,000 sq mi). Its estimated annual flow is around 175 km/a (5,500 m/s), making it one of the 50 largest rivers in the world in terms of average annual flow. Its left-bank tributary in Ladakh is the Zanskar River, and its left-bank tributary in the plains is the Panjnad River which is formed by the successive confluences of the five Punjab rivers, namely the Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers. Its principal right-bank tributaries are the Shyok, Gilgit, Kabul, Kurram, and Gomal rivers. Beginning in a mountain spring and fed with glaciers and rivers in the Himalayan, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush ranges, the river supports the ecosystems of temperate forests, plains, and arid countryside.

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👉 River Indus in the context of Third Anglo-Afghan War

The Third Anglo-Afghan War was a short war which began on 3 May and ended on 8 August 1919. The new Amir of the Emirate of Afghanistan Amanullah Khan declared a Jihad against the British in the hope to proclaim full independence, as well as to strengthen his own legitimacy. Amanullah's forces invaded British India on three fronts taking advantage of the unrest in India, in an effort to seize the old Afghan provinces west of the River Indus.

Initial victories saw the Afghans invade across the border, defeating the British and occupying Bagh. The British retaliated, leading a counterattack that routed the Afghans. Conflict continued in Kurram, which saw the British overwhelmed. Taking their own initiative, the British seized Spin Boldak in the south, while an Afghan offensive in Thal was contained, with the British occupying Dacca in turn by the end of May. The Royal Air Force were also used in bombing and strafing attacks on the frontier tribes as well as targets within Afghanistan, including Kabul and Jalalabad. Although small in scale, it was a contributing force for Amanullah to call for an armistice in June.

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River Indus in the context of Treaty of Lahore

The Treaty of Lahore of 9 March 1846 was a peace treaty marking the end of the First Anglo-Sikh War. The treaty was concluded, for the British, by the Governor-General Sir Henry Hardinge and two officers of the East India Company and, for the Sikhs, by the seven-year-old Maharaja Duleep Singh and seven members of Hazara, the territory to the south of the river Sutlej and the forts and territory in the Jalandhar Doab between the rivers Sutlej and Beas. In addition, controls were placed on the size of the Lahore army and thirty-six field guns were confiscated. The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the Indus passed to the British, with the Provision that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore Government. Also, provision was made for the separate sale of all the hilly regions between River Beas and Indus, including Kashmir, by the East India Company at a later date to Gulab Singh, the Raja of Jammu.

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River Indus in the context of Battle of Rasil

The Battle of Rasil (Sindhi: راسل جي جنگ) was fought between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Rai kingdom ruled by Raja Rasil in early 640 ad. It was the first encounter of the Rashidun Caliphate in the Indian subcontinent. The exact location of the battle is not known, but historians suggest it was fought on the western bank of the River Indus.

Suhail ibn Adi was given command of this expedition by Caliph Umar. Suhail marched from Busra in 639 ad. He eventually reached Makran, in present-day Pakistan. It had been a traditional territory of Sassanids for centuries but was then a domain of the Rai Kingdom, who had annexed it in 636-637 although they had acted as a vassal of Sassanid Persians in past.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Third Anglo-Afghan War ← Treaty of Lahore ← Battle of Rasil
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Transboundary river → Himalayas → South Asia → Central Asia → China → Kashmir → Ladakh → Gilgit-Baltistan → Nanga Parbat → Massif → Pakistan → River bifurcation → Arabian Sea → Main stem → Karachi → Drainage area → List of rivers by discharge → Tributary → Zanskar River → Punjab Plain → Panjnad River → Chenab River → Jhelum River → Ravi River → Beas River → Sutlej → Shyok River → Gilgit River → Kabul River → Kurram River → Gomal River → Glacier → Karakoram → Hindu Kush → Ecosystem → Temperate forest → Arid →