The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language. This method of writing is sometimes referred to in Japanese as rōmaji (ローマ字; lit. 'Roman letters', [ɾoːma(d)ʑi] or [ɾoːmaꜜ(d)ʑi]).
Japanese is normally written in a combination of logographic characters borrowed from Chinese (kanji) and syllabic scripts (kana) that also ultimately derive from Chinese characters.
The Mantra of Light, alternatively (光明真言, pinyin: guāngmíng zhēnyán, rōmaji: kōmyō shingon; Sanskrit: prabhāsa-mantra), alternatively (毗盧遮那如來所說不空大灌頂光真言, pinyin: pílúzhēnà rúlái ruǒshuō bukōng dà guàndǐng guāng zhēnyán) is a Buddhist mantra. In both Chinese Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism, the mantra is associated with both the Buddha Vairocana as well as the Bodhisattva Amoghapāśa. The mantra also has various other names including the Mantra of the Light of Great Consecration (Ch: 大灌頂光真言), Mantra of Amoghapāśa (Unfailing Noose), Heart essence of Amoghapāśa (skt. amoghapāśahṛdaya) and Unfailing King (Amogharāja).
The mantra is found in the Amoghapāśa-kalparāja-sūtra (Chinese translation at Taisho no. 1092 and Korean Buddhist Canon no. K.287, translated by Bodhiruci) as well as in the Sutra of the Mantra of the Unfailing Rope Snare of the Buddha Vairocana's Great Baptism (不空羂索毘盧遮那佛大灌頂光真言一卷, Taisho no. 1002) and is associated with both the Buddha Vairocana and the deity Amoghapāśa (lit. "Unfailing Rope"), a form of Avalokiteshvara. It is also the mantra associated with the consecration (abhiseka) of Amoghapāśa by myriad Buddhas (hence its name as "mantra for the mudrā consecration" in the Tibetan version of the text).
Katakana (片仮名, カタカナ; IPA: [katakaꜜna, kataꜜkana]) is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji and in some cases the Latin script (known as rōmaji).
The word katakana means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived from components or fragments of more complex kanji. Katakana and hiragana are both kana systems. With one or two minor exceptions, each syllable (strictly mora) in the Japanese language is represented by one character or kana in each system. Each kana represents either a vowel such as "a" (katakana ア); a consonant followed by a vowel such as "ka" (katakana カ); or "n" (katakana ン), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds like English m, n or ng ([ŋ]) or like the nasal vowels of Portuguese or Galician.
The samaya (Tibetan: དམ་ཚིག, Wylie: dam tshig, Chinese: 三昧耶戒, pinyin: Sānmèiyē jiè; rōmaji: sonmaya kai), is a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order as part of the abhiṣeka (empowerment or initiation) ceremony that creates a bond between the guru and disciple.
According to Keown, et al., samaya may be defined as: