In Greek mythology, Pygmalion (/pɪɡˈmeɪliən/; Ancient Greek: Πυγμαλίων Pugmalíōn, gen.: Πυγμαλίωνος) was a legendary figure of Cyprus. He is most familiar from Ovid's narrative poem Metamorphoses, in which Pygmalion was a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved.
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👉 Pygmalion (mythology) in the context of Pygmalion effect
The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. It is named after the Greek myth of Pygmalion, the sculptor who fell so much in love with the perfectly beautiful statue he created that the statue came to life. The psychologists Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson present a view, that has been called into question as a result of later research findings, in their book Pygmalion in the Classroom; borrowing something of the myth by advancing the idea that teachers' expectations of their students affect the students' performance. Rosenthal and Jacobson held that high expectations lead to better performance and low expectations lead to worse performance, both effects being examples of self-fulfilling prophecy.
According to the Pygmalion effect, the targets of the expectations internalize their positive labels, and those with positive labels succeed accordingly; a similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea behind the Pygmalion effect is that increasing the leader's expectation of the follower's performance will result in better follower performance.
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Pygmalion (mythology) in the context of Galatea (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Galatea (/ˌɡæləˈtiːə/; Ancient Greek: Γαλάτεια; "she who is milk-white") was the name of the following figures:
- Galatea, a Nereid who loved the shepherd Acis, and was loved by the cyclops Polyphemus.
- Galatea, the post-antiquity name given to the statue of a woman created by Pygmalion and brought to life by Aphrodite.
- Galatea, daughter of Eurytius, son of Sparton. She married a man of good family but poor, Lamprus. When she became pregnant, Lamprus wished to have a son and told her to expose the child if it turned out to be a girl. Galatea gave birth to a girl while Lamprus was away, so she—with the advice of seers and her own dreams—told Lamprus that the baby was male, and named her Leucippus. As Leucippus grew older, her true sex became harder and harder to conceal, so Galatea went to the sanctuary of Leto and prayed to the goddess to change her daughter into a man. Leto took pity on mother and daughter and made Leucippus an actual man.
Pygmalion (mythology) in the context of Pygmalion (play)
Pygmalion is a play written by Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw in 1912, named after the Greek mythological figure. It was first presented onstage in German translation, premiering at the Hofburg Theatre in Vienna on 16 October 1913. Its English-language premiere took place at His Majesty's Theatre in London's West End in April 1914 and starred Herbert Beerbohm Tree as phonetics professor Henry Higgins and Mrs Patrick Campbell as Cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle.
Pygmalion became the playwright's most popular play, enduring in popular culture as the heavily adapted and romanticized My Fair Lady (1956 musical and 1964 film).
Pygmalion (mythology) in the context of Galatea (mythological statue)
In Greek and Roman mythology, Galatea (/ˌɡæləˈtiːə/; Ancient Greek: Γαλάτεια, romanized: Galáteia, lit. 'she who is milk-white') is the post-antiquity name popularly applied to the statue carved of ivory alabaster and loved by Pygmalion of Cyprus, which then came to life by the will of Aphrodite, the goddess of Cyprus. In surviving classical sources, this statue has no proper name, with 'Galatea' being established by post-antiquity writers, although the name has been inextricably tied to the statue ever since.