The Progressive Republican Party (Ottoman Turkish: ترقیپرور جمهوریت فرقهسی, romanized: Teraḳḳîperver Cumhûriyet Fırḳası) was a political party in Turkey between 1924 and 1925. It was established by Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) Pasha, Kâzım Karabekir, Refet (Bele) Pasha, Rauf (Orbay) Bey and Adnan (Adıvar) Bey on 17 November 1924. The party was banned on 5 June 1925 after the Sheikh Said rebellion.
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👉 Progressive Republican Party (Turkey) in the context of Liberal Republican Party (Turkey)
The Liberal Republican Party (sometimes referred to as the Free Republican Party; in Turkish: Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası, acronymized as SCF [seːdʒeːfeˑ]) was a political party founded by Ali Fethi Okyar upon President Kemal Atatürk's request in the early years of the Turkish Republic.
In the context of the One-party period, Mustafa Kemal requested for Okyar to create a new movement as an opposition party to confront the ruling Republican People's Party with the aim of establishing the tradition of multi-party democracy in Turkey. After the first tentative of Progressive Republican Party during the period 1924–1925, it represents the second attempt to create a pluralist system in the country.
In this Dossier
- ⭐ Core Definition: Progressive Republican Party (Turkey)
- 👉 Progressive Republican Party (Turkey) in the context of Liberal Republican Party (Turkey)
- Progressive Republican Party (Turkey) in the context of One-party period of the Republic of Turkey
- Progressive Republican Party (Turkey) in the context of Kâzım Karabekir
Progressive Republican Party (Turkey) in the context of One-party period of the Republic of Turkey
Turkey was a one-party state when it was established in 1923. The Republican People's Party (CHP) was the only party until 1945, when the National Development Party was established. After winning the first multiparty elections in 1946 by a landslide, the Republican People's Party lost the majority to the Democratic Party in the 1950 elections. During the one-party period, President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk repeatedly requested that opposition parties be established to stand against the Republican People's Party in order to transition into multi-party democracy. Kâzım Karabekir established the Progressive Republican Party in 1924 but it was banned after its members' involvement in the 1925 Sheikh Said rebellion. In 1930 the Liberal Republican Party was established but then dissolved again by its founder. Despite Atatürk's efforts to establish a self-propagating multi-party system, this was only established after his 1938 death.
Progressive Republican Party (Turkey) in the context of Kâzım Karabekir
Musa Kâzım Karabekir (also Kiazim in English; Ottoman Turkish: موسی كاظم قره بكر; 1882 – 26 January 1948) was a Turkish general and politician. He was the commander of the Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire during the Turkish War of Independence, and fought a successful military campaign against the Armenian Democratic Republic. He was the a founder and leader of the Progressive Republican Party, the Turkish Republic's first opposition party to Atatürk, though he and his party would be purged following the Sheikh Said revolt. He was rehabilitated with İsmet İnönü's ascension to the presidency in 1938 and served as Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey before his death.