Political identity in the context of "Hate crime"

An ethnonational group or ethno-national group is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and national identity (or political identity), that asserts historic claims to a territorial homeland. Recently, scholars have begun to use this term to refer to groups that are entitled to self-determination. An ethnonational group is different from an ethnic group, as an ethnic group can only be considered an ethnonational group if it is large enough and willing to constitute a nation state. An ethnonational group is often the largest group in a nation, that carries its national language and culture, although it can also form a sizeable minority in another state. According to political philosopher Will Kymlicka, ethnonational groups are groups that formerly had their own states historically, but now find themselves as a minority group within a larger state, often due to military conquest, annexation or unification with another state.

Filipino nationalism refers to the establishment and support of a political identity associated with the modern nation-state of the Philippines, leading to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social, and economic freedom in the Philippines. This gradually emerged from various political and armed movements throughout most of the Spanish East Indies—but which has long been fragmented and inconsistent with contemporary definitions of such nationalism—as a consequence of more than three centuries of Spanish rule. These movements are characterized by the upsurge of anti-colonialist sentiments and ideals which peaked in the late 19th century led mostly by the ilustrado or landed, educated elites, whether peninsulares, insulares, or native (Indio). This served as the backbone of the first nationalist revolution in Asia, the Philippine Revolution of 1896. The modern concept would later be fully actualized upon the inception of a Philippine state with its contemporary borders after being granted independence by the United States by the 1946 Treaty of Manila.