⭐ In the context of *commedia dell'arte*, the character of Harlequin is considered to have initially derived qualities from what earlier theatrical tradition?
Harlequin's origins trace back to mischievous 'devil' characters featured in medieval Passion Plays, from which he inherited his physical agility and trickster qualities before evolving into the astute servant of *commedia dell'arte*.
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⭐ Core Definition: Tricky slave
The tricky slave is a stock character. He is a clever, lower-class person who brings about the happy ending of a comedy for the lovers. He is more clever than the upper-class people about him, both the lovers and the characters who block their love, and typically also looking out for his own interests. In the New Comedy, the tricky slave (dolosus servus or servus callidus) aimed to get his freedom by assisting his young master in love.
Harlequin (/ˈhɑːrləkwɪn/, Italian: Arlecchino, Italian:[arlekˈkiːno]; Lombard: Arlechin, Lombard:[arleˈki]) is the best-known of the comic servant characters (Zanni) from the Italian commedia dell'arte, associated with the city of Bergamo. The role is traditionally believed to have been introduced by the Italian actor-manager Zan Ganassa in the late 16th century, was definitively popularized by the Italian actor Tristano Martinelli in Paris in 1584–1585, and became a stock character after Martinelli's death in 1630.
The Harlequin is characterised by his checkered costume. His role is that of a light-hearted, nimble, and astute servant, often acting to thwart the plans of his master, and pursuing his own love interest, Columbine, with wit and resourcefulness, often competing with the sterner and melancholic Pierrot. He later develops into a prototype of the romantic hero. Harlequin inherits his physical agility and his trickster qualities, as well as his name, from a mischievous "devil" character in medieval Passion Plays.
Columbine (Italian: Colombina; French: Colombine; lit.'little dove') is a stock character in the commedia dell'arte. She is Harlequin's mistress, a comic servant playing the tricky slave type, and love interest of Pierrot. Rudlin and Crick use the Italian spelling Colombina in Commedia dell'Arte: A Handbook for Troupes.