Pierre "Peter" Charles L'Enfant (French: [pjɛʁ ʃɑʁl lɑ̃fɑ̃]; August 2, 1754 – June 14, 1825) was a French-American artist, professor, and military engineer. In 1791, L'Enfant designed the baroque-styled plan for the development of Washington, D.C., after it was designated to become the capital of the United States following its relocation from Philadelphia. His work, known as the L'Enfant Plan, inspired plans for other major world capitals, including Brasília, New Delhi, and Canberra. In the U.S., plans for the development of three major cities, Detroit, Indianapolis, and Sacramento, were inspired from L'Enfant's plan for Washington, D.C.
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👉 Pierre Charles L'Enfant in the context of Hirshhorn Museum
The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an art museum beside the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. The museum was initially endowed during the 1960s with the permanent art collection of Joseph H. Hirshhorn. It was designed by architect Gordon Bunshaft and is part of the Smithsonian Institution. It was conceived as the United States' museum of contemporary and modern art and currently focuses its collection-building and exhibition-planning mainly on the post–World War II period, with particular emphasis on art made during the last 50 years.
The Hirshhorn is situated halfway between the Washington Monument and the US Capitol, anchoring the southernmost end of the so-called L'Enfant axis (perpendicular to the Mall's green carpet). The National Archives/National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden across the Mall, and the National Portrait Gallery/Smithsonian American Art building several blocks to the north, also mark this pivotal axis, a key element of both the 1791 city plan by Pierre L'Enfant and the 1901 MacMillan Plan.
In this Dossier
Pierre Charles L'Enfant in the context of Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)
Massachusetts Avenue is a major diagonal transverse road in Washington, D.C., United States. The Massachusetts Avenue Historic District is a historic district that includes part of it.
Massachusetts Avenue was part of Pierre Charles L'Enfant's original plan for the development of Washington, D.C. The avenue crosses three of Washington, D.C.'s four quadrants. It intersects every major north–south street and passes numerous Washington landmarks. Massachusetts Avenue represents the northern boundary of downtown and the city's Embassy Row.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant in the context of Rhode Island Avenue
Rhode Island Avenue is a diagonal avenue in the Northwest and Northeast quadrants of Washington, D.C., and the capital's inner suburbs in Prince George's County, Maryland. Paralleling New York Avenue, Rhode Island Avenue was one of the original streets in Pierre L'Enfant's plan for the capital. It became a major commuter route, carrying U.S. Route 1 traffic into the city from Prince George's County.
The western terminus of Rhode Island Avenue is in downtown Washington, at an intersection with Connecticut Avenue NW and M Street NW. The Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle is on Rhode Island Avenue NW, just east of that intersection. Just east of the cathedral, at Scott Circle, Rhode Island Avenue NW intersects Massachusetts Avenue NW and 16th Street NW. N Street NW stops short of meeting the circle from either direction, but is instead connected to Rhode Island and Massachusetts avenues NW through two short streets, Corregidor Street NW and Bataan Street NW. From Scott Circle, Rhode Island Avenue NW continues eastward to the Logan Circle neighborhood. At the traffic circle of the same name, Rhode Island Avenue NW intersects Vermont Avenue, 13th Street, and P Street NW.