Pieds-noirs in the context of "Sétif and Guelma massacre"

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⭐ Core Definition: Pieds-noirs

The pieds-noirs (French: [pje nwaʁ]; lit. 'black feet'; sg.: pied-noir) are an ethno-cultural group of people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French colonial rule from 1830 to 1962. Many of them departed for mainland France during and after the war by which Algeria gained its independence in 1962.

From the French invasion on 18 June 1830 to its independence, Algeria was administratively part of France; its ethnic European population were simply called Algerians or colons (colonists). The Muslim people of Algeria were called Arabs, Muslims or indigènes. The term pied-noir came into common use shortly before the end of the Algerian War in 1962.

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👉 Pieds-noirs in the context of Sétif and Guelma massacre

The Sétif and Guelma massacre (also called the Sétif, Guelma and Kherrata massacres or the massacres of 8 May 1945) was a series of massacres by French colonial authorities and pied-noir European settler militias on Algerian civilians in May and June 1945 around the towns of Sétif and Guelma in French Algeria.

In response to French police firing on demonstrators during a protest in Sétif on 8 May 1945, native Algerians rioted in the town and attacked French settlers (colons) in the surrounding countryside, killing 102 people. The French colonial authorities and European settlers retaliated by killing thousands of Algerian Muslims in the region with estimates varying widely. The initial estimate given by French authorities was 1,020 killed, while the current Algerian government cites an estimate of 45,000 killed. Estimates by historians range from 3,000 to 30,000 Algerian Muslims killed. The massacre marked a turning point in Franco-Algerian relations, ultimately leading to the Algerian War of independence from 1954 to 1962.

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Pieds-noirs in the context of Pacification of Algeria

The pacification of Algeria, also known as the Algerian genocide, refers to violent military operations between 1830 and 1875 during the French conquest of Algeria, that often involved ethnic cleansing, massacres and forced displacement, aimed at repressing various tribal rebellions by the native Algerian population. Between 500,000 and 1 million Algerians were killed, out of an estimated population of 3 million. During this period, France formally annexed Algeria in 1834, and approximately 1 million European settlers moved to the Algerian colony. Various scholars consider France's actions in Algeria as genocidal or constituting a genocide.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Pacification of Algeria ← Sétif and Guelma massacre
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
French people → White Africans of European ancestry → Algeria → French Algeria → Mainland France → French conquest of Algeria → Arabs → Muslims → Indigenous peoples → Algerian War →