Parliament of Zimbabwe in the context of "2018 Zimbabwean general election"

The Cabinet of Zimbabwe is the executive branch of the government of Zimbabwe, responsible for advising the President and implementing national policies. It consists of the President, who serves as its head, the two Vice-Presidents, and Ministers appointed by the President. The Cabinet plays a central role in the administration of the country, overseeing various ministries and ensuring the execution of laws passed by Parliament. Established under the independence constitution in 1980, the Cabinet has undergone significant transformations, particularly with the shift to an executive presidency in 1987 and the adoption of a new constitution in 2013. It has also been shaped by political agreements, such as the Government of National Unity formed in 2009.

New Parliament Building is the seat of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Mount Hampden, Zimbabwe, built to replace the old Parliament House in Harare. The parliamentary chambers within the high-rise building can accommodate up to 650 legislators, their offices, conference rooms and meeting spaces. The engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract was awarded to Shanghai Construction Group, who erected the building between December 2018 and April 2022.

The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.

Per the 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe is a full presidential republic, whereby the President is the head of state and government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The status of Zimbabwean politics has been thrown into question by a 2017 coup.

General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia between 14 February and 4 March 1980 to elect the members of the House of Assembly of the first Parliament of the independent Zimbabwe. As stipulated by the new Constitution of Zimbabwe produced by the Lancaster House Conference, the new House of Assembly was to comprise 100 members, 80 of whom would be elected proportionally by province by all adult citizens on a common roll, and 20 of whom would be elected in single-member constituencies by whites on a separate roll.

The result was a victory for Robert Mugabe's ZANU–PF, which won 57 of the 80 common roll seats, giving it a majority in the 100-member House of Assembly. Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union, contesting the election as the Patriotic Front, won 20 of the 80 common roll seats, with the remaining 3 going to Abel Muzorewa's United African National Council. Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front won all 20 of the white roll seats, with most of its candidates running unopposed. As a result of the election, Robert Mugabe became Zimbabwe's first prime minister upon internationally recognised independence on 11 April 1980.

Parliament House in Harare is a former legislative building which was active for 124 years, acting as the base of the Legislative Assembly of Rhodesia, the Parliament of Rhodesia and finally the Parliament of Zimbabwe. In November 2023, the Parliament of Zimbabwe relocated to the New Zimbabwe Parliament Building in Mount Hampden.