Pannonia (Roman province) in the context of "Kende"

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👉 Pannonia (Roman province) in the context of Kende

The kende (or kßndß) was one of the kings of the dual-monarchy of the early Hungarians along with the gyula or war-chief. The function of the kende is believed to have been a religious one ("sacral prince"). At the time of the Magyar migration to Pannonia, the kende was named Kurszån. Upon Kurszån's death in a raid in approximately 904 CE, the office was taken up by the gyula Árpåd, creating a single-head monarchy for Hungary. Though there are some scholars (for example Gyula Kristó) who believe that Árpåd was the kende, who later took up the functions of the gyula.

Some scholars have speculated that the early Magyar dual kingship derived from their time as vassals of the Khazars. Indeed, the Khazars were described by Ahmad ibn Fadlan as having an officer titled KĂźndĂźr which may have been either identical to, a model for, or the forerunner of the office of kende.

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Pannonia (Roman province) in the context of Emona

Emona (early Medieval Greek: Ἤμονα) or Aemona (short for Colonia Iulia Aemona) was a Roman castrum, located in the area where the navigable Nauportus River came closest to Castle Hill, serving the trade between the city's settlers – colonists from the northern part of Roman Italy – and the rest of the empire. Emona was the region's easternmost city, although it was assumed formerly that it was part of the Pannonia or Illyricum, but archaeological findings from 2008 proved otherwise.

The Visigoths camped by Emona in the winter of 408/9, the Huns attacked it during their campaign of 452, the Langobards passed through on their way to Italy in 568, and then came incursions by the Avars and Slavs. The ancient cemetery in Dravlje indicates that the original inhabitants and invaders were able to live peacefully side by side for several decades. After the first half of the 6th century, there was no life left in Emona. The 18th-century Ljubljana Renaissance elite shared the interest in Antiquity with the rest of Europe, attributing the founding of Ljubljana to the mythical Jason and the Argonauts. Other ancient Roman towns located in present-day Slovenia include Nauportus (now Vrhnika), Celeia (now Celje), Neviodunum (now the village of Drnovo) and Poetovio (now Ptuj).

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