Panama Papers in the context of "Investigative journalism"

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⭐ Core Definition: Panama Papers

The Panama Papers (Spanish: Papeles de Panamá) are 11.5 million leaked documents (or 2.6 terabytes of data) published from April 3, 2016. The papers detail financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore entities. These documents, some dating back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, the former Panamanian offshore law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and compiled with similar leaks into a searchable database.

The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials previously private. Their publication made it possible to prosecute Jan Marsalek, a person of interest to a number of European governments and revealed his links with Russian intelligence, and international financial fraudster Harald Joachim von der Goltz. While offshore business entities are legal (see Offshore Magic Circle), reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.

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👉 Panama Papers in the context of Investigative journalism

Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single or few topics of interest, such as hidden problems & truths, serious crimes, education, racial injustice, corruption & abuse of power, child protection, social welfare, homelessness or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Practitioners sometimes use the terms "watchdog reporting" or "accountability reporting".

Most investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers, wire services, and freelance journalists. With the decline in income through advertising, many traditional news services have struggled to fund investigative journalism, due to it being very time-consuming and expensive. Journalistic investigations are increasingly carried out by news organizations working together, even internationally (as in the case of the Panama Papers, Paradise Papers and Pandora Papers), or by nonprofit outlets such as ProPublica, which rely on the support of the public and benefactors to fund their work. A lot of investigative journalism is increasingly carried out online by Youtubers.

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In this Dossier

Panama Papers in the context of Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson

Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson ([ˈsɪɣmʏntʏr ˈtaːvið ˈkʏnlœyxˌsɔːn]; born 12 March 1975) is an Icelandic politician who was the prime minister of Iceland from May 2013 until April 2016. He was also chairman of the Progressive Party from 2009 to October 2016. He was elected to the Althing (Iceland's parliament) as the 8th member for the Reykjavík North Constituency on 25 April 2009. Taking office at 38, he was the third youngest Icelander to become prime minister.

Following the release of the Panama Papers, he announced on 5 April 2016 that he would resign as prime minister amid public outrage at him for owning an offshore company to shelter money and not disclosing that when entering parliament. On 7 April 2016, he was replaced as prime minister by Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson, who also replaced him as chairman of the Progressive Party on 2 October 2016, following a defeat after he had campaigned to continue as leader. Just before the 2017 parliamentary election, he left the Progressive Party and founded the Centre Party; and is currently that party's leader.

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Panama Papers in the context of Pandora Papers

The Pandora Papers are 11.9 million leaked documents with 2.9 terabytes of data that the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) published beginning on 3 October 2021. The leak exposed the secret offshore accounts of 35 world leaders, including current and former presidents, prime ministers, and heads of state as well as more than 100 business leaders, billionaires, and celebrities. The news organizations of the ICIJ described the document leak as their most expansive exposé of financial secrecy yet, containing documents, images, emails and spreadsheets from 14 financial service companies, in nations including Panama, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates. The size of the leak surpassed their previous release of the Panama Papers in 2016, which had 11.5 million confidential documents and 2.6 terabytes of data. The ICIJ said it is not identifying its source for the documents.

The ICIJ estimates that the total global amount of money held offshore (outside the country where the money was made) is between US$5.6 trillion and US$32 trillion.

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Panama Papers in the context of Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson

Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson (pronounced [ˈsɪːɣʏrðʏr ˈiŋgɪ ˈjouːhansɔn]; born 20 April 1962) is an Icelandic politician, who was the prime minister of Iceland from April 2016 to January 2017. He has been the chairman of the Progressive Party since 2016 and Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs from April to December 2024, having previously served as Minister of Infrastructure.

Sigurður Ingi was appointed as the prime minister on 7 April 2016, following the resignation of Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson in the wake of revelations contained in the Panama Papers. He was elected as chairman of the Progressive Party on 2 October that year, narrowly ahead of the incumbent chairman Sigmundur Davíð.

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