Padishah (/ˌpɑːdɪˈʃɑː/; Persian: پادشاه pādshāh [pɒːdeˈʃɒːɦ] – lit. 'Master King') is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin.
A form of the word is known already from Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) as pātaxšā(h) or pādixšā(y). Middle Persian pād may stem from Avestan pati, and is akin to Pati (title). Xšāy 'to rule' and xšāyaθiya 'king' are both from Old Persian.
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃɒːɦ] ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه [ˌʃɒːhænˈʃɒːɦ]), meaning 'King of Kings', since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه; lit. 'Master King'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.