Osteology in the context of "Foramen"

The Museum of Osteology, located in Oklahoma City, U.S., is a private museum devoted to the study of bones and skeletons (osteology). The museum displays over 450 skeletons of animal species from all over the world. With another 7,000 specimens as part of the collection, but not on display, it is the largest privately held collection of osteological specimens in the world. The museum is an entity of its parent company, Skulls Unlimited International.

In biological morphology and anatomy, a sulcus (pl. sulci) is a furrow or fissure (Latin: fissura; pl. fissurae). It may be a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in the surface of a limb or an organ, most notably on the surface of the brain, but also in the lungs, certain muscles (including the heart), as well as in bones and elsewhere. Many sulci are the product of a surface fold or junction, such as in the gums, where they fold around the neck of the tooth.

In invertebrate zoology, a sulcus is a fold, groove, or boundary, especially at the edges of sclerites or between segments.

In osteology, the osteon or haversian system (/həˈvɜːr.ʒən/; named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically between 0.25 mm and 0.35 mm in diameter. Their length is often hard to define, but estimates vary from several millimeters to around 1 centimeter. They are present in many bones of most mammals and some bird, reptile, and amphibian species.

In osteology, bone remodeling or bone metabolism is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation). Recent research has identified a specialised subset of blood vessels, termed Type R endothelial cells, in the bone microenvironment. These blood vessels play a crucial role in adult bone remodelling by mediating interactions between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Type R blood vessels are characterised by their association with post-arterial capillaries and exhibit unique remodelling properties crucial for bone homeostasis. These processes also control the reshaping or replacement of bone following injuries like fractures but also micro-damage, which occurs during normal activity. Remodeling responds also to functional demands of the mechanical loading.

In the first year of life, almost 100% of the skeleton is replaced. In adults, remodeling proceeds at about 10% per year.