Orthogonal in the context of "Orthorhombic"

Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications. The word derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum, as the first effective pipes used in the Roman era were lead pipes.

In the developed world, plumbing infrastructure is critical to public health and sanitation.

In linear algebra, a multilinear map is a function of several variables that is linear separately in each variable. More precisely, a multilinear map is a function

where ${\displaystyle V_{1},\ldots ,V_{n}}$ (${\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {Z} _{\geq 0}}$) and ${\displaystyle W}$ are vector spaces (or modules over a commutative ring), with the following property: for each ${\displaystyle i}$, if all of the variables but ${\displaystyle v_{i}}$ are held constant, then ${\displaystyle f(v_{1},\ldots ,v_{i},\ldots ,v_{n})}$ is a linear function of ${\displaystyle v_{i}}$. One way to visualize this is to imagine two orthogonal vectors; if one of these vectors is scaled by a factor of 2 while the other remains unchanged, the cross product likewise scales by a factor of two. If both are scaled by a factor of 2, the cross product scales by a factor of ${\displaystyle 2^{2}}$.

Body relative directions (also known as egocentric coordinates) are geometrical orientations relative to a body such as a human person's body or a road sign.The most common ones are: left and right; forward and backward; up and down.They form three pairs of orthogonal axes.

In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b) and height (c), such that a, b, and c are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.

Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction, the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction to be applied to that system.The force applied on a surface in a direction perpendicular or normal to the surface is also called thrust. Force, and thus thrust, is measured using the International System of Units (SI) in newtons (symbol: N), and represents the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second per second. In mechanical engineering, force orthogonal to the main load (such as in parallel helical gears) is referred to as static thrust.

Orthographic projection, or orthogonal projection (also analemma), is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. The obverse of an orthographic projection is an oblique projection, which is a parallel projection in which the projection lines are not orthogonal to the projection plane.

The term orthographic sometimes means a technique in multiview projection in which principal axes or the planes of the subject are also parallel with the projection plane to create the primary views. If the principal planes or axes of an object in an orthographic projection are not parallel with the projection plane, the depiction is called axonometric or an auxiliary views. (Axonometric projection is synonymous with parallel projection.) Sub-types of primary views include plans, elevations, and sections; sub-types of auxiliary views include isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projections.

In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, an orthogonal basis for an inner product space ${\displaystyle V}$ is a basis for ${\displaystyle V}$ whose vectors are mutually orthogonal. If the vectors of an orthogonal basis are normalized, the resulting basis is an orthonormal basis.