Olivenza in the context of "Convention of Limits (1926)"

The Portugal–Spain border, also referred to as "the Stripe", is one of the oldest geopolitical borders in the world. The current demarcation is almost identical to that defined in 1297 by the Treaty of Alcañices. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,234 km (767 mi) long, and is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union, being free of border control since March 26, 1995 (the effective date of the Schengen Agreement), with a few temporary exceptions, such as in the 2020 lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Treaty of Limits between Portugal and Spain was signed in Lisbon in 1864 and ratified in Madrid in 1866, leaving unsettled a southern stretch because of the Olivenza and the Moura strifes. A 1926 Convention of Limits ratified the southern end of the border, incorporating a 1893 agreement concerning Moura, while the lands of Olivenza were left without demarcation because of Portuguese reluctance to recognise Spanish sovereignty over the territory.

38°52′32.1″N 7°2′10″W / 38.875583°N 7.03611°W / 38.875583; -7.03611

The Caia (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkajɐ]) or Caya is a river in the Iberian Peninsula, a tributary to the Guadiana. It is one of the main water courses in the Portalegre District, Portugal. Portugal does not recognise part of the border along the Guadiana between the rivers Caia and Ribeira de Cuncos, since the annexation of Olivenza by Spain in 1801. This territory, though de facto and de jure Spanish, remains de jure disputed by Portugal.

The War of the Oranges (Portuguese: Guerra das Laranjas; French: Guerre des Oranges; Spanish: Guerra de las Naranjas) was a brief conflict in 1801 in which Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France, and ultimately supported by the French military, invaded Portugal. The war resulted in the Treaty of Badajoz, the loss of Portuguese territory, in particular losing Olivenza to Spain. Six years later, Napoleon would invade both Portugal and Spain in the Peninsular War.

The Treaty of Badajoz is a peace treaty of the 19th century signed by Spain and Portugal on 6 June 1801. Portugal ceded the border town of Olivenza to Spain and closed its ports to British military and commercial shipping.

On the same day, Portugal signed a separate Treaty of Badajoz with France, which Napoleon, then First Consul of France, refused to sign. An amended version was agreed in September 1801, which is known as the Treaty of Madrid; France received large parts of Portuguese South America in what is now Brazil plus a payment of 20 million francs.

Táliga (Spanish: [ˈtaliɣa]) or Talega (Portuguese: [tɐˈlɛɣɐ]) is a Spanish town and municipality located near the border with Portugal, in the province of Badajoz, in the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura. Portugal considers Táliga, as well as neighbouring Olivenza, a de jure part of the Portuguese concelho of Olivenza, occupied by Spain since 1801.

Under Portuguese administration, Táliga was a freguesia (parish) of the concelho (municipality) of Olivenza. It became an independent municipality in 1850, already under Spanish administration.