Nonivamide in the context of "Tear gas"

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⭐ Core Definition: Nonivamide

Nonivamide, also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA, is an organic compound and a capsaicinoid. It is an amide of pelargonic acid (n-nonanoic acid) and vanillyl amine. It is present in chili peppers, but is commonly manufactured synthetically. It is more heat-stable than capsaicin.

Nonivamide is used as a food additive to add pungency to seasonings, flavorings, and spice blends. It is also used in the confectionery industry to create a hot sensation, and in the pharmaceutical industry in some formulations as a cheaper alternative to capsaicin.

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👉 Nonivamide in the context of Tear gas

Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from Latin lacrima 'tear'), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide, chloropicrin (PS gas) and Mace (a branded mixture).

While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties. During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly lachrymatory agents were used.

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Nonivamide in the context of PAVA spray

PAVA spray is an incapacitant spray similar to pepper spray. It is dispensed from a handheld canister, in a liquid stream. It contains a 0.3% solution of pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA), also called nonivamide, a synthetic capsaicinoid (analogue of capsaicin), in a solvent of aqueous ethanol. The propellant is nitrogen. This solution has been selected because this is the minimum concentration which will fulfill the purpose of the equipment: namely, to minimise a person's capacity for resistance, without unnecessarily prolonging their discomfort.

PAVA is significantly more potent than CS gas. The liquid stream is a spray pattern and has a maximum effective range of up to four metres (13 ft). Maximum accuracy, however, will be achieved over a distance of 1.25–2 metres (4.1–6.6 ft). The operating distance is the distance between the canister and the subject's eyes, not the distance between the user and the subject.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Tear gas ← PAVA spray
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Organic compound → Capsaicinoid → Amide → Pelargonic acid → Vanillyl amine → Chili pepper → Capsaicin → Food additive → Pungency → Seasoning → Flavoring → Spice → Confectionery →