National parks in the context of "Flagship species"

The national parks of Italy are protected natural areas categorized as terrestrial, marine, fluvial or lacustrine, which contain one or more intact ecosystems (or only partially altered by anthropic interventions) and/or one or more physical, geological, geomorphological, biological formations of national and international interest, for naturalistic, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, educational, or recreational values, such as to justify the intervention of the State for their conservation.

There are 25 Italian national parks registered on the Official List of Protected Natural Areas (EUAP) that altogether cover an area of over 16,000 km (6,200 sq mi), which corresponds to approximately 5.3% of Italian national territory. The parks are managed by the Ministry of the Environment based in Rome (Italian: Ministero dell'Ambiente).

A user fee is a fee, tax, or impost payment paid to a facility owner or operator by a facility user as a necessary condition for using the facility.

People pay user fees for the use of many public services and facilities. At the federal level in the United States, there is a charge for walking to the top of the Statue of Liberty, to drive into many national parks, and to use particular services of the Library of Congress.

Flyover is a feature on Apple Maps that allows users to view select areas in a 3D setting. Flyover also allows users to take "tours" of these locations through the City Tours feature, showcasing various landmarks in the area. Imagery is provided through the use of planes, which collect fine data on buildings. Flyover is available on all Apple devices which also support Maps, including iOS and macOS.

Initially founded in 2012, along with Apple Maps itself, Flyover has expanded from its initial 10 locations in the US and Europe to now include over 300 cities, landmarks, and parks across all six inhabited continents through a series of multiple expansions, notably in 2014, 2019 and 2024. Upon release, Flyover was criticized for various visual issues, as part of a larger criticism of the overall release of Apple Maps, however, Flyover has also been praised for its detail and uniqueness.

François Émile Matthes ((1874-03-16)March 16, 1874 – (1948-06-21)June 21, 1948) was a geologist and an expert in topographic mapping, glaciers, and climate change. He mapped remote areas of the American West for the United States Geological Survey (USGS). His maps coincided with the development of those areas into national parks. He is one of the founders of the Association of American Geographers and served as its president. Matthes resolved a dispute about formation of the Yosemite Valley and his findings on glaciers introduced the terms nivation and Little Ice Age.

De Biesbosch National Park is one of the largest national parks in the Netherlands and one of the last extensive areas of freshwater tidal wetlands in Northwestern Europe. The Biesbosch ('forest of sedges' or 'rushwoods') consists of a large network of rivers and smaller and larger creeks with islands. The vegetation is mostly willow forests, although wet grasslands and fields of reed are common as well. The Biesbosch is an important wetland area for waterfowl and has a rich flora and fauna. It is especially important for migrating geese.

The national parks of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Pàirc Nàiseanta) are managed areas of outstanding landscape where some forms of development are restricted to preserve the landscape and natural environment. At present, Scotland has two national parks: Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, created in 2002, and the Cairngorms National Park, created in 2003.

Unlike the national parks of many other countries, the national parks of Scotland are not areas of uninhabited land owned by the state. The majority of the land is in the ownership of private landowners (including conservation bodies such as the National Trust for Scotland), and people continue to live and work in the parks. Although the landscapes often appear "wild" in character, the land is not wilderness, as it has been worked by humans for thousands of years. Like their English and Welsh counterparts the national parks of Scotland are effectively "managed landscapes", and are classified as IUCN Category V Protected Landscapes because of this. National parks are only one of a number of designations used to protect and conserve the landscape and natural environment of Scotland. Public access to all land in Scotland is governed by the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, which grants the public the freedom to roam on most land (and water) for activities such as walking, camping, cycling, canoeing, swimming and climbing; this right applies to land regardless of ownership or whether or not it is in a national park, providing it is exercised responsibly (as defined by the Scottish Outdoor Access Code).