Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia. It was formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, and from 1940 was placed under the nominal sovereignty of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (which was itself also a puppet state). It consisted of the previously Chinese provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia. It has also been called Mongukuo or Mengguguo (or Mengkukuo; Chinese: 蒙古國; in analogy to Manchukuo, another Japanese puppet state in Manchuria). The capital was Kalgan, from where it was under the nominal rule of Mongol nobleman Demchugdongrub. The territory returned to Chinese control after the defeat of the Japanese Empire in 1945.
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👉 Mengjiang in the context of Soviet–Japanese War
The Soviet–Japanese War was a campaign of the Second World War that began with the Soviet invasion of Manchuria following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan on 8 August 1945. The Soviet Union and Mongolian People's Republic toppled the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo in Manchuria and Mengjiang in Inner Mongolia, as well as northern Korea, Karafuto on the island of Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped bring about the Japanese surrender and the end of World War II. The Soviet entry into the war was a factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally, as it was made apparent that the Soviet Union was not willing to act as a third party in negotiating an end to hostilities on conditional terms.
Mengjiang in the context of The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries
The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries (Chinese: 最新支那要人傳, Japanese: 最新支那要人伝) is a guide to prominent individuals in the Republic of China, compiled in Japan by The Asahi Shimbun newspaper during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Published on 2 February 1941, the work references 343 contemporary notables in the Kuomintang and the Nationalist government, the Chinese Communist Party, the pro-Japanese Wang Jingwei regime and Mengjiang, and independent politicians and celebrities.
A digitization of the reference work can be found on the website of the National Diet Library of Japan, the full list of biographies follows.