Macedonian pine in the context of "Pelister National Park"

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⭐ Core Definition: Macedonian pine

Pinus peuce (Macedonian pine or Balkan pine) (Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian: молика, molika; Bulgarian: бяла мура, byala mura) is a species of pine native to the mountains of North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, the extreme southwest of Serbia, and the extreme northwest of Greece, growing typically at (600-) 1,000-2,200 (-2,300) m altitude. It often reaches the alpine tree line in this area. The mature size is up to 35–40 m height, and 1.5 m trunk diameter. However, the height of the tree diminishes strongly near the upper tree line and may even obtain shrub sizes.

It is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath. They are 6–11 cm long. Its pine cones are mostly 8–16 cm long, occasionally up to 20 cm long, green at first, becoming yellow-brown when mature, with broad, flat to downcurved scales. The 6–7 mm long seeds have a 2 cm wing and can be wind-dispersed, but are also very often dispersed by spotted nutcrackers.

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👉 Macedonian pine in the context of Pelister National Park

Pelister National Park is a national park in the Municipality of Bitola, North Macedonia. The park is located in the Baba Mountain massif and covers an area of 171.5 square kilometres (66.2 sq mi). Established in 1948 as Yugoslavia's first national park and North Macedonia's oldest protected area, Pelister was expanded in 2007 from its original size to 14,300 hectares to enhance protection across a larger portion of the massif. The park spans elevations from 891 to 2,601 metres above sea level and features distinctive geological formations, including Pleistocene-era granite "stone rivers" or moraines, glacial cirques, and two glacial lakes situated at around 2,200 metres.

Known for its rich biodiversity with more than 1,050 plant species, Pelister has extensive forests of the endemic Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce), alongside diverse ecosystems supporting protected wildlife including the grey wolf, European otter, and bearded vulture.

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