Mühlhausen in the context of "Johann Sebastian Bach"

The Thuringii, or Thuringians were a Germanic people who lived in their own kingdom in what is now central Germany. They are first mentioned in written records starting in the fifth century, during a period when the Huns were the most influential force in central Europe and the Western Roman Empire lost control of this region. The kingdom was not mentioned during the time of Attila himself, or during the conflicts between the small kingdoms which formed immediately after his death, so it's early history and boundaries are uncertain. However, the medieval kingdom, and the modern German federal state which is still called Thuringia, lies between the Harz in the north, and the Thuringian forest in the south.

The medieval Thuringian kingdom came into conflict with the Merovingian Franks, and it later became a stem duchy within the Frankish realm.

Thomas Müntzer (c. 1489 – 27 May 1525) was a German preacher and theologian of the early Reformation whose opposition to both Martin Luther and the Catholic Church led to his open defiance of late-feudal authority in central Germany. Müntzer was foremost amongst those reformers who took issue with Luther's compromises with feudal authority. He was a leader of the German peasant and plebeian uprising of 1525 commonly known as the German Peasants' War.

In 1514, Müntzer became a Catholic priest in Brunswick, where he began to question the teachings and practices of the Catholic Church. He then became a follower and acquaintance of Martin Luther, who recommended him for a post in Zwickau. His beliefs became increasingly spiritual and apocalyptic; by his arrival at Allstedt in 1523 he had completely broken with Luther. Amidst the peasant uprisings in 1525, Müntzer organized an armed militia in Mühlhausen. He was captured after the Battle of Frankenhausen, tortured and finally executed.

The Thuringi, or Thuringians were a Germanic people who lived in their own kingdom in what is now Central Germany. They are first mentioned in written records starting in the fifth century, during a period when the Huns were the most influential force in Central Europe and the Western Roman Empire lost control of this region. The kingdom was not mentioned during the reign of Attila (reigned 434–453), or during the conflicts between the small kingdoms which formed immediately after his death. The kingdom's early history and boundaries are uncertain. However, the medieval kingdom, and the modern German federal state which is still called Thuringia, lies between the Harz in the north, and the Thuringian forest in the south.

The medieval Thuringian kingdom came into conflict with the Merovingian Franks, and it later became a stem duchy within the Frankish realm.

The Unstrut (German pronunciation: [ˈʊnʃtʁuːt] or [ˈʊnstʁuːt] ) is a river in Germany and a left tributary of the Saale.

The Unstrut originates in northern Thuringia near Dingelstädt (west of Kefferhausen in the Eichsfeld area) and its catchment area is the whole of the Thuringian Basin. It breaks out of the basin through the Thuringian Gate west of Heldrungen and, in its lower reaches, flows through Saxony-Anhalt before emptying into the Saale near Naumburg. The total length of the Unstrut is 192 kilometres (119 mi). Towns along the Unstrut include Mühlhausen, Sömmerda, Bad Frankenhausen, Artern, Roßleben, and Freyburg.The main tributaries of the Unstrut are the Gera, Wipper, Helme, and Lossa.

Hainich (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪnɪç]) is a forested hill chain in the state of Thuringia in Germany, between the towns of Eisenach, Mühlhausen and Bad Langensalza. Hainich covers an area of around 160 km² (61,8 sq mi), of which, since 31 December 1997, half has been designated as Hainich National Park. The highest point in Hainich is Alte Berg at 1621 ft (494 m). The Mühlhäuser Stadtwald in the northern part of Hainich is the largest municipal forest in Thuringia. The landmark of Hainich is Betteleiche, a 600-year-old common oak at Ihlefeld.